Essay Science and Technology - 1128 Words

Science and Technology ` The Internet, which is becoming a sort of technological utopia for some, is becoming a technological nightmare for others. The relationship between science and technology has always been pretty equal, linked through their shared goal of helping to improve society. But now, in the 21st century, it seems like technology is outgrowing its niche. The question that todays society needs to ask itself is this: Exactly how far is too far? For some this is a hard question, and for others, especially those in the medical field, it is an easy question to answer. Then of course there are the people who, like myself, are stuck in the middle and not sure which side is right. With all the positive scientific and†¦show more content†¦Right now the choice is just science fiction, but just barely so. Scientists say the time is coming when parents will indeed be able to pick their childrens genetic make-up. (www.pop.sci.com.) The question presented now is if this is morally right and okay. T his process can and will challenge our fundamental thinking about who we are and what it means to be human. Do we, as human beings, have the right to take the creation of life into our own hands and attempt to play God? Should we really be allowed to remake human biology? Personally, I believe in the saying that life is a gamble, you gotta take what you get and deal with it. However, Im not saying that scientific technology is entirely a bad thing. Scientists already know that inheriting good genes can give some people a powerful edge. They know a few of the combinations of genes that can help people resist some of the life-threatening diseases out there, so one goal of human engineering could be to help those who are genetically less fortunate by sharing these built-in health advantages. Another advantage of scientific technology is the new mechanical heart. For some patients with failing hearts, doctors will soon be able to utilize an amazing device: the first totally implantable artificial heart that has no wires or tubes outside the body. For thousands of Americans suffering from diseased hearts, and for the doctors who treat them, this has been one of the most compelling yet unattainable goals for more thanShow MoreRelatedScience, Technology and Innovation2949 Words   |  12 PagesPolicy Sci DOI 10.1007/s11077-011-9137-3 Science, technology and innovation in a 21st century context John H. Marburger III Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. 2011 This editorial essay was prepared by John H. ‘‘Jack’’ Marburger for a workshop on the ‘‘science of science and innovation policy’’ held in 2009 that was the basis for this special issue. It is published posthumously. Linking the words ‘‘science,’’ ‘‘technology,’’ and ‘‘innovation,’’ may suggest that we know more about how theseRead MoreScience And Technology : Science862 Words   |  4 PagesScience and Technology Science and technology are two very different, but two very similar things. Technology and science are both advancing at a very rapid speeds, which means everyday they rely on each other more and more. Science and technology are in deed interdependent. Science is used in technology, and technology is used in science. Both are important to our society today, and together, they have affected people’s lives all over the world. Science is the knowledge or the study of the naturalRead MoreScience And Technology909 Words   |  4 Pageswill write how the thinking about science and technology implications especially on science education. Currently everything is related to technology, It is worth the technology developed not focus on science education only. should be recognized the connection between science and technology can not be separated. Although technology and science are closely intertwined between the two, certainly can be expanded or developed technology, so no need to rely on science. In this case most people see thereRead MoreScience and Technology13908 Words   |  56 Pagesof media and ICT in building a peaceful world. The theme of the 2009 International Essay Contest for Young People was The role of science in building a better world. Scientific progress has brought many benefits to humanity, while some applications of science have had adverse impacts. Young people were invited to express their vision for the future of science, and the kind of studies or researches they wish to engage in. 4,506 essay entries were received from as many as 134 countries. ThisRead MoreMaster Of Science : Information Science And Technology Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesStatement of Purpose Name: Sujit Subhash Program: Master of Science in Information Science and Technology I am applying for the Master of Science in Information Science and Technology program at the Missouri University of Science and Technology as I believe this program will give me the strongest foundation and skills to one day drive my entrepreneurial endeavors. In the technological age that we live in, the next great idea is just around the corner. This program will help me develop not justRead MoreScience, Technology and Society1541 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems of humanity and so science appeared. Nowadays, science is involved in every aspect of our life, even in subjects that we can not imagine. We can meet remarkable examples of scientific achievements in technology and also in society but they will be analyzed in the next chapters. THE PHASES IN INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE As the introduction prepared us for this, we can discern three different phases in the history of institutional development of science. If we put them in an orderRead MoreModern Technology And Its Effect On Society1439 Words   |  6 PagesModern Technology Modern technology is machinery that makes people’s lives easier and convenient. In today’s fast paced society modern technology plays the most important role in society. Technology surrounds almost everywhere and everyone in modern society. We can say this time as the technological age because of the today’s dependence on technology. Technological products are available everywhere and everyone is using it. We are living in the 21st century, time of science and modern technology andRead MoreThe Importance Of Science And Technology1352 Words   |  6 PagesThe importance of science and technology cannot be overlooked from our day to day lives. It has revolutionized the way we live. The creation of virtual spaces where distances do not matter, the bigger and better health care facilities which are now available, the effectiveness of the physical connectivity, the efficient utilization of the resources to the better ways of living, the use of the technology has defi nitely improved our standard of living. We are a part of the entire universal system andRead MoreThe Invention Of Science And Technology994 Words   |  4 PagesObviously, the answer is science and technology. We can see enormous examples from human’s history. For example, the Industrial Revolution which took place in Britain started the age of steam and open the world market. The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution, had a large significant impact of the world and began the age of electricity. Lots of inventions were created during this time due to the huge development of science and technology, such as plane, car, telephoneRead MoreQuestions On Science And Technology961 Words   |  4 PagesAt the beginning of this semester, I hoped to know what the college writing was like and learn more information about science and technology. I want to improve my reading skills to read faster and more precise. Also, I hoped to know how to use the li brary to find resources, which is the best way to paraphrase and the formal citation style. Lastly, I hoped I could be a better writer at the end of this semester and build a good foundation for the future writing. During this semester, I have completed

The Cold War Was Inevitable Or Not - 1624 Words

Introduction To gain a full understanding of the Cold War, the knowledge of the why it started, an in depth analysis of what both sides contributed to make the Cold War what was and knowing whether the Cold War was inevitable or not is necessary. There were many different actions that both of the two major superpowers, the US and the USSR took that started the Cold War. I believe that the Cold War was inevitable because of the difference in ideologies between the US and the USSR, and the large threat the USSR posed to western society; such as joining the arms race, and expansion of communism. Even though the start of the Cold War is known, what would have happened if it was not initiated by the USSR and the US? Could the major events that happened later on in the Cold War have triggered the Cold War to start if it did not already? Was the Cold War we know of today inevitable? Background Research The Cold War was a geopolitical, ideological, and economic struggle mainly between the two superpowers, The United States of America and the USSR. Although the USSR and US were the two superpowers that initiated the conflict, other countries such as Vietnam, North and South Korea, and Cuba had major involvement in the Cold War. The US was a capitalist country while the USSR was a communist country. There are many reasons, that when combined caused the Cold War to start. Some of the most important reasons were the fear of the USSR’s expansion of communism into Eastern EuropeShow MoreRelatedWas the Cold War Inevitable Essay2937 Words   |  12 Pages------------------------------------------------- Was the Cold War Inevitable? ------------------------------------------------- ARTS1271 ESSAY ------------------------------------------------- 16th September, 2011 ------------------------------------------------- The orthodox view of the Cold War elucidates its inevitability due to the great ideological differences that existed between the Soviet Union and United States. On the other hand, the revisionists argued that it happened due toRead MoreTo What Extent Was the Cold War Inevitable? Essay1178 Words   |  5 PagesWhat Extent Was the Cold War Inevitable? With the end of World War II (WWII) in 1945 began the Cold War, an international conflict that lasted from 1947–1991 and plagued nations across the globe. As the post-war negotiations were deliberated by three of the strongest world powers, the United States (US), Britain, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), disagreements arose that created tension between the US and the USSR and ultimately instigated the infamous â€Å"Fifty Years War† (CrockattRead MoreThe Battle Of Dien Bien Phu1256 Words   |  6 PagesPhu To Vietnam War â€Å"It will be a war between an elephant and a tiger. If the tiger stand still, the elephant will crush him. But the tiger will never stand still. It will leap upon the elephant’s back, ripping out huge chunks of flesh and then will disappear back again into the dark jungle and slowly the elephant will blead to death† (PeriscopeFilm, 1962). After World War II, the world experiences one of the longest wars that have ever occurred in the twentieth century, Vietnam War which lasted almostRead MoreCollapse Of The Soviet Union Inevitable1334 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Soviet Union Was the collapse of the Soviet Union inevitable? Kenneth Mejia U.S. History Period 5 5/18/201 Throughout history, war has been the most common resort for nations to solve problems or show off their strength. However it wasn’t until recently where mankind had just live and experience a war that not only did it have the potential destroy nations, but also had the potential to destroy the whole world and humanity itself. This was known as the Cold War where after WWIIRead MoreEuropean Integration And The European Union1638 Words   |  7 Pagesgeographic concept was in the 7th/8th century BC through the infamous Myth of Europa (Greekmythology.com, 2015). The myth is about a Phoenician princess, Europa (after which the continent was named), who has a dream where she was called to by an unknown land telling her, she belongs to it (Greekmythology.com, 2015). Although this does not describe the geographic boundaries of the continent, it never the less goes to show that the concept of Europe being as one is nothing new. However, it was only untilRead MoreUnited States And Soviet Union1221 Words   |  5 PagesFollowing World War II there was a lot of tension between two of the Allied countries. The United States and the Soviet Union were in a state of political and military tension with each other. Opposing ideologies on how to deal with the world’s affairs post World War II fueled this rivalry but there was always a tension between the two countries. World War II, with its common goal, brought these two countries together as allies. With Hitler and the Nazis threating their way of living these two countriesRead MoreDid Cold War Confrontation Become Inevitable?764 Words   |  4 Pagesever, did Cold War confrontation become inevitable? Crossing the Threshold: the Inevitability of the Cold War Cold War confrontation became inevitable at 7:00 a.m. on August 29, 1949. However, before embarking on detailed examination as to the date at which the threshold of Cold War inevitability was crossed, it’s necessary to first solidify our understanding of why the threshold was crossed. While it may be easy to assume that the world entered an inescapable trajectory toward Cold War on theRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1462 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the term â€Å"Cold War† was popularised to refer to post-war tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, interpreting the course and origins of the conflict became a source of heated controversy among historians. In particular, who was responsible for the breakdown of Soviet-U.S. relations after the Second World War? During World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union were allied against the Axis powers. However, in the years that followed the end of World War II, the allianceRead MoreThe European Dimension Of The Cold War1458 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War betwee n two rival super powers – the young United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – was an inevitable one. The relationship between the former war allies had begun to dissolve during the Second World War and eventually came to blows in 1947. First, it’s important to note that the Cold War was something that was only between the USA and the USSR is a fallacy. David Reynolds’ piece titled The European Dimension to the Cold War is a historiographical pieceRead MoreWar Is An Inevitable Feature Of International Politics1560 Words   |  7 PagesWar is an inevitable feature of international politics. Assess with reference to liberalism or realism The approximate number of war casualties in the past 100 years is estimated to be 180 million. The Second World War (1939-1945) alone accounts for 60 million fatalities, which commenced with a fascist aggression to the European peace. War has been inevitable over centuries, which has been fought for several reasons; competing ideologies, wealth, religious reasons, chase for power through its military

Scholarly Article Free Essays

Yak’s Mason Scholarly Article Assignment In â€Å"Crime, Guilt, and Subjectivity in Film Nor, Winfred Flock argues that Film Noir â€Å"opens our eyes to the ‘true’ state of American society† 1 by not masking true human emotion in a situation where survival is not certain. He implies that it shows the protagonist struggle with desire and selfishness in a light that had not been shown before in American cinema and is the root of why Film Noir transcends time and remains a popular genre. He adds that the popularity of genre is rooted partly due to the fact that it is the antithesis of the films mainstream Hollywood was putting out at the time; the sunny and cheery tones were in stark contrast with Film Noirs â€Å"dark† and â€Å"atmospheric†2 overtones. We will write a custom essay sample on Scholarly Article or any similar topic only for you Order Now I agree with Flock but would add that the success and everlasting nature of Film Noir is also due to the fact that it allows the viewer to personify with a protagonist that has faults and shortcomings just like themselves and hat the selfishness the protagonist exhumes in times of scrutiny is relatable to the audience in opposed to the typical morally perfect hero of the time. I would add that Film Noir paved the way for TV and Holly. Wood’s current obsession of providing a anti-hero who is morally flawed selfish in shows such as Breaking Bad, House of Cards, and movies such as Wolf of Wall Street. Overall, Film Noir remains popular and has a lasting appeal largely due to the depths and nuances of the main protagonist, as well as the difference teens the atmospheric tones against the cheery light-heartiness of conventional Holly. DOD. It is also necessary to observe how Film Noir paved the way for the medium and story telling as a whole for later generations. How to cite Scholarly Article, Papers

Power management and organization science - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about Power management and organization science. Answer: Introduction Change management is one of the most important managerial forms in the modern world. Every organisation undergoes changes in order meet the present requirements in the market. However, on certain occasions, it is seen that employees due to various reasons resist changes in an organisation (Fleming Spicer, 2014). The essay highlights these reasons and provides a comprehensive detail about the problems faced by managers due to the resistance. The relationship between power and resistance is also stated and the ethical considerations that are required for power and resistance to exist are highlighted. Furthermore, assessment is made that highlights the implications of manager as well as resistance positions. Identifying and examining reasons for employees resisting change Most employees tend to resist changes because they feel that changes may have an adverse effect on their work. Hence, it is necessary for every manager to identify the reasons for resisting change. One of the most common reasons for resisting change is the loss of jobs (Bolman Deal, 2017). Changes in an organisation normally include the method and process used for working. For example, in the modern era, organisations tend to rely more on technologies that can help in reducing the efforts of labour. Hence, employees fear a loss of a job as machines can help in finishing a job quickly and efficiently (Noer, 2017). This causes resistance among employees, as they do not want to give up the role that they play. Another reason for the resistance of change includes the loss of control and competency. This mainly occurs, as most employees are adapted to working using one method. Hence, change in method or process can lead employees to change their style of working. This often leads to loss of control, as the new method needs adjustment and training. Consequently, such loss of control leads to falling in the competency of the employees. This, in turn, gives rise to loss of productivity in an organisation (Davies, 2017). Hence, this can be considered as another important factor that leads employees to resist changes in an organisation. Working in the comfort zone is always beneficial for the employees seeking longevity in their career. Another most important reason for the resistance to change is the fear of facing the unknown. Changes normally bring about a great deal of unpredictability in an organisation. Employees feel that the past manner of work was more secure than the present. The fear of facing the unpredictability often leads employees to leave the organisation and seek for work. Hence, it is important for managers to ensure that changes in an organisation are made subtly. The lesser the knowledge of the employees about the impact of changes the better it is for organisations (Pugh, 2016). In this regard, the reason for the managers to consider resistance to change as a problem can be undertaken. Managers often believe that changes need to be made keeping in mind the success and growth of an organisation. In order to make changes, managers often invest sufficient finance so that the growth rate of the organisations can be maintained (Craig, Nevin, Odum, 2014). Resistance leads loss of finance as some employees tend to leave while others try to prevent the changes from being a success. Hence, managers consider the resistance to be a problem in every fold of an organisation. Keeping this in mind the power of the employees and resistance offered by them can be examined. Examining the relationship between power and resistance Power is considered as an ability of an individual or a group to influence people to undertake challenges (Anderson Brion, 2014). Such ability can be attributed to leadership, as the leaders also need to influence the employees in taking up challenging tasks and roles. Hence, it can be said that providing an individual with power require certain characteristics. These include the ability to communicate, interact and influence people. Power can be broad of three types such as legitimate power, coercive power and group power. The exercising of power includes treating people differently depending on the situation at hand (Kuipers, et al., 2014). For example, it has been seen that legitimate power allows people to obey the orders of the superiors. Such behaviours stem from the social norms practised by the people. Resistance, on the other hand, refers to a structural and systematic human barrier that is set up to prevent changes from both internal as well as external sources. Many people wanting to change things in the workplace can consider this as a negative influence (Hon, Bloom, Crant, 2014). Certain models such as the psychological model are used to understand the emotions that occur in a human being while resisting changes. The reaction of the people towards change leads to the rise of the resistance. Most of the times this occurs due to various fear elements. However, in the case of changes forced upon externally, the employees involved in the resistance display their loyalty to their company. It can be said that the relationship between power and resistance can be attributed to the fact that both require leadership qualities of individuals. In order to form a resistance, it is necessary for one person to lead a group. This symbolises the ability to influence people on the possible negative effects of change (Cameron Green, 2015). However, unlike legitimate power, the leader does not have to be a senior member of an organisation. It has been seen that experience and proper insights of a particular situation can help an individual to become a leader. However, certain ethical issues need to be considered in influencing power and resistance. Identifying the key ethical issues associated with power and resistance Change is necessary in order to ensure that the resource allocation, methods and techniques of work improve. With the resistance of employees being an inevitable result, it is needed for a change agent to challenge the status quo (Doppelt, 2017). However, like any other managerial activity, ethical issues need to be considered by the people with power and the resistant members. These ethical issues can help an organisation to deal with the changes and its resistance subtly and ensure that knowledge is acquired with the change. One such ethical issue that can be identified deals with the involvement of external change agents. Manipulation of data is one such ethical conduct that needs to be taken care of by managers of an organisation. Often it is seen that the hiring of external change agent warrants changes in an organisation by examining the policies put forward by the executive managers. If the managers find discrepancies in the report presented to the external change agents, manipulation may take place (Hayes, 2014). This can cause cessation of changes in an organisation. On the other hand, it may lead to initiate changes in an organisation as well. Hence, manipulation of important data and information is an important ethical consideration for the managers. The engagement of employees can help in deciding about the changes to be implemented. Managers need to ensure that a proper ethical framework is used for identifying the ethics involved. This involves the consequential framework, duty framework and virtue framework. Every framework has their limits and to use the framework effectively it is necessary that a systematic approach be developed. This systematic approach takes into consideration the three levels involved in the framework. The basic stage for the application of this approach is recognising the ethical issue (Klonek, Lehmann-Willenbrock, Kauffeld, 2014). In the case mentioned above, the ethical issue that can be considered includes the manipulation of data. Hence, it is necessary to identify the concerned parties and gather all information relating to the rise of the issue. Hence, in order to avoid the violation of the ethical codes, managers need to plot an alternative course of action. In this case, the alternative course of action can be to provide true data so that the changes can take place. It needs to be the duty of the managers to ensure that power is provided to the right individual capable of influencing change in the organisation. This can be considered as the next stage in the framework as decisions are made to consider the plan (Hornstein, 2015). Implementation and reflection of the outcomes are done in order to find out other courses of action. Such actions can help in the future activities of the organisation and allow the members to remain ethical while imposing power and forming a resistance. Assessing the implications of the managerial and resistant positions for effective change management To ensure that effective change is maintained it is necessary for an organisation to set up positions at the managerial as well as resistant positions. These positions are important as they can direct the management about the implementation of the change process in the organisations. It is the duty of the managers to ensure that every change that is foreseen is implemented so that the employees can be more efficient (Jones Ven, 2014). However, the managers also need to be sure that the changes are implemented slowly. The position that the managers need to take up is that of the power. This is because exercising the power over the employees can help the managers enforce the changes and save the organisations. The managers can overlook ethical manner of enforcing the changes. The position of the resistant, on the other hand, needs to be more analytical than revolt. This is because the individuals involved in the resistance need to understand the reason behind the implementation of the changes. This can help the resistant members to form a plan to prevent the implementation of the changes (Munduate Medina, 2017). The resistant also needs to be in a position from where they can negotiate. The negotiation needs to take place keeping in mind the requirements of the employees as well as the managers. Hence, it can be said that the position of the managers and the resistance are important in the change management process. The ethical framework can consist of the interest of both the parties and mutual consent can be formed in accordance with the interests. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that managers often demonise the resistance as it leads to huge loss. The planning of change requires planning which in turn requires excessive spending of finance. Hence, any resistance can result in the failure of the change and in turn create a huge financial loss for the company. Apart from this, employees involved in the resistance may leave the organisation due to the implementation of the changes. The ethical implication denotes that the changes need to be perceived before setting up any resistance movement. Other forms by which resistance can be identified involve low productivity and less compatibility among the employees. Bibliography Anderson, Brion. (2014). Perspectives on power in organizations. Organ. Behav, 67-97. Bolman, Deal. (2017). Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Cameron, Green. (2015). Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Craig, Nevin, Odum. (2014). Resistance to Change. The Wiley Blackwell. Davies. (2017). Social work in a corporate era: Practices of power and resistance. Routledge. Doppelt. (2017). Leading change toward sustainability: A change-management guide for business, government and civil society. Routledge. Fleming, Spicer. (2014). Power in management and organization science. Academy of Management Annals, 237-298. Hayes. (2014). The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hon, Bloom, Crant. (2014). Overcoming resistance to change and enhancing creative performance. Journal of Management, 919-941. Hornstein. (2015). The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity. International Journal of Project Management, 291-298. Jones, Ven, V. d. (2014). A longitudinal study of change resistance: Its antecedents and consequences over time. In Academy of Management Proceedings, 11879. Klonek, Lehmann-Willenbrock, Kauffeld. (2014). Dynamics of resistance to change: a sequential analysis of change agents in action. Journal of Change Management, 334-360. Kuipers, Higgs, Kickert, Tummers, Grandia, Voet, V. d. (2014). The management of change in public organizations: A literature review. Public Administration, 1-20. Munduate, Medina. (2017). How Does Power Affect Those Who Have It and Those Who Dont? Power Inside Organizations. An introduction to work and organizational psychology: An international perspective, 176. Noer. (2017). Humanistic Consulting: Its History, Philosophy and Power for Organizations. McFarland. Pugh. (2016). Change management in information services. Routledge.

Late Adulthood and Death Paper Essay Example

Late Adulthood and Death Paper Paper Late Adulthood and Death Paper PSY/280 July 19, 2011 Late Adulthood and Death Paper Analyzing late adulthood and the death of an individual as a culmination of the life span development process one must understand late adulthood consists of. This paper will give a brief overview of ageism and stereotypes associate with late adulthood. This will explain how health and wellness techniques in the late adulthood stages can mitigate the negative effects of aging. As people age the social views and experiences changes in relationships and interactions with individuals, as he or she nears end of life. When closely approaching the end of life, a person has cultural and personal attitudes about death and dignity in late adulthood. Ageism and Stereotypes When examining ageism and stereotypes associated with late adulthood defines as ones prejudice or discrimination that occurs on the basis of age. When thinking about ageism one must look at the disengagement theory (Cumming Henry, 1961) that proposes that adults voluntarily reduce the contact with society rather than experiencing exclusion later and the disappointment not chosen. Other ageism statements say that older people forced involuntarily to give up participation with society. The disengagement theory justifies withdrawal from social institutions. Stereotyping defines as one making comments to someone saying that a certain age does a task that way. Stereotypes toward old people are cruel and unethical because one-day he or she will be in the same situation. Some stereotypes include older people show depression and loneliness, all old people look the same, old adults look sick, frail, and dependent, last older adults act cognitively and psychologically impaired. We will write a custom essay sample on Late Adulthood and Death Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Late Adulthood and Death Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Late Adulthood and Death Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer People who make stereotypical comments do this to build one’s own self confidence. If one researched all the data about the stereotypical comments one would see the comments made are not as accurate as he or she believes. Everyone deserves to be respected, especially as one ages. Health and Wellness Aging is inevitable, a fact that cannot be ignored. The aging process in late adulthood is called senescence. People cannot stop the effects of aging but there are alternatives that can help ease the process. These measures are not always followed because people make poor life choices such as smoking. Aging adults will even spend millions of dollars trying to slow the process of aging. No matter how much money they spend aging will occur. Most aging adults do not receive the necessary preventive services to help promote health and wellness during this stage of life. These preventive services include vaccinations and screenings. These important services help detect many diseases, delay their onset, or identify them early in their most treatable stages to ensure healthier, longer, and more productive lives for older adults (Prevention, 2011). Better people take care of themselves the longer they will live. People who balance: the right diet, making better choices and not acting sedentary has a better chance in living longer lives. With the advances in medical care, better health practices, improved nutrition, and other factors help people live longer. As long as older adults are following the correct measures, they can help counter the effects of aging because this stage here most people retire, they need to stay active and keep eating healthy foods. By not living actively can lead to his or her body shutting down, and may also lead to an early death. Many programs are available that older adults can join to help keep them on track. Aging adults can also receive information from their doctors and pamphlets from clinics that will give them a guideline to follow to age gracefully. Importance of Relationships and Social Interactions Humans are social animals, dependent on one another for survival and drawn to one another for joy, (University of Phoenix, 2010). Studies show that married older people are healthier, wealthier, and happier than unmarried people and their spouse’s support can help extend their lives. The importance for older adults to have a partner helps because they can depend on each other for help, and they can also help each partner in an area that they are experiencing trouble with because of age. Older adults experience capabilities of being able to have an even give and take relationship and give mutual respect in the relationship. * Older adults who have no partner should have social interactions daily as it has proven emotionally healthier than to be alone. Also older married adults must adjust to their interactions with his or her spouse because they will be together much more when they retire. This constant interaction can lead to disputes but has shown that older adults in a close marital relationship have been proven less depressed and less eager about disabilities that may present themselves because of age. * The importance of companionship in older adults, the average married woman will experience four to ten years of widowhood. The average man will experience none. The first two years can be especially difficult for the widow, but studies show that women come to enjoy the newfound independence and few seek new companionship. For widowers it is not the same, widowers have fewer friends and receive less support from the family. Those widowers try to interact to find new companionship. * Cultural and Personal Attitudes The aging process and developmental stages come to the end once a human being is deceased. A normal life cycle will have its last developmental and cognitive stage in late adulthood. This is a period is defined by the individual’s death. The cognitive learning and development in late adulthood shares some traits with the early stages of life. In this final stage the individual is seeking relationships with his close family and will create dependency on the family members. These dependencies are in all areas of human life. The cognitive and physical abilities of a person experiencing late adulthood are decreasing. Cultural factors play important roles in the lives of the elders. Different cultures will dictate the way that the older person will be taken care of financially, emotionally, social, and in all the remaining areas. Different cultures will have different approaches to this final stage; usually the children will adopt a more active role in their parent’s life. In this transition process that occurs in the late adulthood is a dynamic shift in responsibilities and roles. The elders will not be responsible for their children’s; the children will be responsible for their parents. This has a clear decrease in the analytical abilities. The cultural influence in the upbringing will determine if the alders will be on assisted living facility or will be solely responsibility of by family members. During this stage cognitive development is influenced by the mortality and their legacy. This stage the individual will realize his mortality and most cases assume a role of an amicable person than an authoritarian figure. The spouse also plays an important role on the individual quality of life. All the persons surrounding an individual in late adulthood will focus in providing a good quality of life, a safe environment, and a honest relation. Like in the early stages of life the family component is one of the driving entities in this stage. Family and close friend will have a direct impact in the quality of the individual. Once the individual’s need get more complicated the family will decide to take the person to a nursing home because the medical need cannot be meet by the family. The late adulthood is a stage very complex and full of different experiences. This transition stage allows the relinquishing of responsibilities to family members and in many instances they will seek the oldest knowledge. This stage should be used to resolve and organize the individual’s state. Ensuring that everything is taking resolved will provide a sense of accomplishment and serenity. At that time the main focus should be ensuring the quality of life remaining. Different cultures have different approaches to the wellbeing of the older adults; all have the same goal, to obtain and maintain the highest quality of life for the older. This is also complemented by the medical advantages available. Hospice care and pain management are some important tools available for the families to ensure dignity in this stage of life; that many consider a beginning, not the end. * References Berger, K. S. (2010). Invitation to the Life Span, 1e. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Todd D. Nelson, (2004). Ageism: Stereotyping and Prejudice Against Older Persons. : Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Prevention, C. f. (2011, March 14). Clinical Preventive Services for Older Adults. Retrieved July 17, 2011, from CDC: http://www. cdc. gov/features/PreventiveServices/

John F. Kennedy Essays - Kennedy Family, Bouvier Family, Free Essays

John F. Kennedy Essays - Kennedy Family, Bouvier Family, Free Essays John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts. He was the second child of nine children. He lived in the suburbs of Boston but as his family grew his father's income increased and they moved back to Brookline. John had a seemingly happy childhood. He attended private selementary schools where he played sports and games. Though never making the varsity, his father encouraged him to take part in athletics. He was taught by Roman Catholic lawmen at Canturbery School and later spent four years at the Choate School in Wallingford, Connecticut. Though suffering from many illnesses, his classmates voted him "most likely to succeed." He graduated in 1935, he ranked 64th in a class of 112. In the summer of 1935 he studied at the London School of Economics. He then went to Princeton University to study. During Christmas break his freshman year he had an attack of jaundice and was forced to leave. Through much determination he enrolled at Harvard in 1936, where his fate r went to college. He played football and graduated in 1940. Soon after he graduated he wrote his first book, "Why England Slept." It received good reviews. In March of 1941, Kennedy volunteered for the army, he was rejected shortly after for a back injury he obtained playing football at Harvard. He took classes to strengthen his back and was accepted into the navy. In 1943, Kennedy was on a navy boat when it was detroyed by the Japnese. He was thrown from the boat, and forced to swim the seas for a rescue ship. He received a Purple Heart for his brave actions. He also recieved a Navy and Marine Corps. medal. But after having more problems with his back and operation he was discharged in 1945. Kennedy had many jobs after he was discharged from the Army. He was unsure of the career he wanted to pursue. He worked as a reporter for Hearst Newspapers, which he covered a conference that established the United Nations. He then returned to Boston to pursue his new career as a polititian. In early 1946, Kennedy announced his cadidacy. Some of his rivals called him a "carpetbagger", a person who traveled south for reconstruction. These comments did not bother Mr. Kennedy, he campaigned ceaselesslyand nearly doubled the vote of this nearest opponent. Moving forward again, Kennedy announced his cadidacy for the Senator of Massachusetts, in 1952. On September 12, 1953, Kennedy married Jacqueline Bouvier. Not too far into the marriage Kennedy suffered from a major illness due to his bad back injury. He underwent two spinal operations. While he was out of the senate office he wrote a book, "Profiles of Courage", which won a Pulitzer Prize in Biography. It is yet indeed President John F Kennedy led an exciting life. He did everything from attending great colleges to earning purple hearts for courageous behavior. He married a beautiful woman with whom he shared lovely children. Although he did live a great life, in the peak of his presidency his life was put to an end. As the nation joined and mourned his death, people from all over the world gathered at the funeral in Washington D.C. to pay their respects. Mayor Willy Brandt of West Berlin expressed the world's sense of loss when he said that "a flame went out for those who had hoped for a just peaceful and better life." President Kennedy was buried in Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia. It is believed that President Kennedy was shot by Lee Harvey Oswald. It was never proven because Mr. Oswald was shot to death just days after the death of the president by Jack Ruby. In the commission's report (made public on September 24, 1964) Oswald was said to have fired the shots that killed John F. Kennedy. Furthermore, the committee stated that they "found no evidence" that either Ruby or Oswald "were part of any conspiracy, domestic or foreign, to assasinate President Kennedy". However, in 1979, the House assassinations committee concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald "probably" was part of a conspiracy that also may have included members of organized crime.

Combative scholarship in Southeast Asia Term Paper

Combative scholarship in Southeast Asia - Term Paper Example What is simply dismissed by analysts of the situation in Southeast Asia as being a result of cultural legacies is simply making light of a complex situation. The culture itself has been a propellant of the struggle and therefore part of the unexplained in the overall scheme of things (Faist 215-217). The focus on the cultural aspect of the struggle only served to shift the attention of scholars from influencing the struggle for citizenship and nation building occasioned by hegemony, colonialism, subsequent revolution and development in a bid to leveling patches history. All the efforts that aided in the ending of colonialism and nation building were initiatives of heroes of the past century who envisioned a better life for themselves and future generations. Thus the scholars like Atalas, Agoncilo, Chamvit and Sartono only served to document the heroic actions of theses heroes in a bid to continuing in the path of democracy that they charted. In the course of these actions they have s uffered damage to their reputations and their credibility was also battered all due to the struggle. Citizens who now enjoy citizenship benefits to the fullest owe it to these scholarly heroes since some even lost their lives in the struggle. It is not fair to ask that history focuses on scholars who did not have their credibility battered at the expense of those who did. In all fairness, the struggle should be documented as it was since all those who played part despite the consequences deserve mention. Part 2: Is the application of combative scholarship still viable? There is a large possibility that the nations of Southeast Asia would coalesce to form one state but this would never occur due to cultural commonalities but rather because all of them have had a similar struggle in their own territories for citizenship and nation building. The struggles over the last century have given them certain

A Formalist Criticism of A Tell-Tale Heart Annotated Bibliography

A Formalist Criticism of A Tell-Tale Heart - Annotated Bibliography Example The old man, eye, and the narrator, I, may be the same person; and the story represents the inner turmoil ending with severing head from heart. (Pitcher 232) Pritchard, from a somewhat feminist point of view, interprets the monologue as sexual in nature just before the murder. She points to the narrator’s love/hate relationship with the victim characterizing the behavior as sadist. Pritchard relates the narrator’s mental state to that of Poe’s dark imagination. This connection is controversial in these articles, and this author’s view is a valuable counter to others. The source is valuable, and the journal is peer reviewed and reliable. A caretaker finds he is cursed by an evil eye belonging to a beloved old man. The eye â€Å"vexes† him. (Poe 193) The caretaker/narrator kills the old man in order to â€Å"silence† the eye. The caretaker keeps hearing the beating of the heart, driving him to confession. The reader is left to decipher whether the narrators hearing acuity is a delusion or is the sound a hallucination. (Reilly 1969) During the murder, they each screamed once. The narrator hears the heartbeat muffled by the bed, but rationalizes the neighbors can’t hear it. The neighbors could hear screams, but not heartbeats. Knowing this, the reader cannot disengage from the monologue. The reader is trapped like the narrator. Poe uses these devices brilliantly to place the audience in the insane mind of a killer. An overview of Poe’s fascination with the â€Å"evil eye† across his stories and specifically in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†. Other Southern writers and literature is examined regarding the eye. The narrator, of whom the reader knows nothing (sex, age, relationship to the old man) admits to loving the old man, but hating his eye. Narration is broken down as forensic oratory, a defense rather than a confession. The narrator

Analysis of Punting a football(Biomechanics) Research Paper

Analysis of Punting a football(Biomechanics) - Research Paper Example Proper punting technique is achieved when a punter is able to kick the ball for as long and as high as he can (Guy & Sang, 2009). There are a number of biomechanical techniques for achieving proper form, which make reference to the way the ball is dropped into the kick, how the punter follows through with his leg motion, and how the punter steps into his kick. These principles are best described and illustrated by means of example, which will follow shortly. The necessity of proper punting technique may be broken into two categories: (a) the safety and health of the punter and (b) the strategic advantage of well-placed punts during a game. With respect to safety and health, bad form in any sport will lead to injury of the muscles, bones, and joints involved with the physical activity. Quadriceps strains, in particular, are associated with injuries in punters who kick without proper technique (Beatty, McIntosh, Savage, Orchard, & Landeo, 2007). Because of this risk, safety and health are primary concerns for coaches who try to train their players on the methodology of kicking. Secondly, with respect to strategic advantage, punting technique is situational to the conditions of the game (Guy & Sang, 2009). That is, technique should be adjusted depending on circumstances such as field position, probability of a strong return, probability of a win, and so on. With these realities in mind, there is no perfect (or ideal) form; however, biomech anical principles apply to generally proper form. In addition to proper technique being situational in terms of circumstances within the game, proper technique for punters is also situational based on the comfort and ability levels of the punter himself. An athlete should not strain himself to achieve form and technique of those with considerably more strength and flexibility. This is particularly important, especially even before the ball is

Research Study: Factors Causing Cannabis Use

Research Study: Factors Causing Cannabis Use Factors Leading towards cannabis use  and what can be done about them:  A study carried out in local transport drivers  of district Peshawar, Pakistan. The problem of drug trafficking represents a crippling facet of reality in Pakistan that is affecting 34% of the country’s population in terms of having problems with drug usage, and or abuse. The district of Peshawar, which lies near the Khyber Pass access to Afghanistan, places that region at the centre of trafficking activity that has made illicit drugs readily available to the populace at highly affordable prices due to the proximity of heavy drug activity. Drug use is an international problem, one that increasingly is focusing on Pakistan as a result of it being in the center of the most active drug producing regions in the world. As such, the country has developed a serious internal problem in that its citizens have become swept up in the production, trafficking as well as use of drugs. The preceding are activities that undermine the nation’s economy as the money flows are black market, and one which is costing the country its most valuable resource, is people, wh o are in ever increasing numbers being wasted as well as suffering from the ravages of drug use, and addiction. The purpose, and role of government represent a complex issue that in its own right deserves a study onto itself. In the context of the examination thus identified, a summary of this complex relationship shall be put forth as it is an integral aspect of the preceding. Reus-Smit (1999, p. 129) tells us that: â€Å"The moral purpose of the modern state thus entailed a new principle of procedural justice—legislative justice. This principle prescribes two precepts of rule determination: first, that only those subject to the rules have the right to define them and, second, that the rules of society must apply equally to all citizens, in all like cases. Both precepts were enshrined in the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, which states that â€Å"[l]aw is the expression of the general will; all citizens have the right to concur personally, or through their representatives, in its formation; it must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes.†Ã¢â‚¬  Rousseau provides further amplification of the purpose of government as he held â€Å"†¦that the laws legislated by the people or their representatives must apply equally to all citizens in all like cases. â€Å"Every authentic act of the general will,† he writes, â€Å"favors all citizens equally, so that the sovereign, knows only the body of the nation and makes no distinctions between any of those who compose it† (Reus-Smit (1999, p. 130). Schmidtz (1991, p. 10) cites Hume (1978, p. 539) who states: â€Å"†¦the beauty of the state is not that it results from a collective decision but rather that it makes collective decisions unnecessary. People no longer need to come to an agreement about what is in their collective interest, for magistrates need consult no body but themselves to form any scheme for the promoting of that interest. Thus, bridges are built; harbours opend; ramparts raisd; canals formd; fleets equipd; and armies disciplind; every where, by the care o government , which, tho composd of men subject to all human infirmities, becomes, by one of the finest and most subtle inventions imaginable, a composition, that is, in some measure, exempted from all these infirmities† The foregoing tells us that government exists to look after, and for our best interests for the collective good. Thus the drug problem represents an issue that is not in the best interests of the people, and is government’s responsibility to confront and resolve. Thus, the reduction of drug use, and the reduction of drug production, and trafficking are priorities that the country needs to address in order to safeguard the future of its citizens, as well as return the country’s economic healths and vitality. This examination shall delve into the forgoing in the context of the â€Å"Factors Leading towards cannabis use and what can be done about them: A study carried out in local transport drivers of district Peshawar, Pakistan.† The problem of drug use is a global phenomenon, one that is especially pervasive in Pakistan. The country’s proximity to Afghanistan, which ranks as one of the top drug producing nations on the globe, coupled with the high drug productive capabilities of Pakistan, and the high poverty levels in the Peshawar region, makes for the perfect breeding grounds for addiction. With in excess of 4 million drug users in Pakistan, representing one of the highest per user percentages internationally, the scope of the problem with respect to production, trafficking, and addiction represent a triple edged sword that few countries are faced with. The foregoing, has been aided by corruption in governmental posts as well as the infiltration of regional tribal leaders who either traffic in, or have interests in this trade, into political positions further complicating the task of control and reduction. Justification for the study The international initiative to reduce drug user, and availability in all countries, with emphasis on the nations of the United States, European Union member states, and other destination points has been undertaken to lessen the potential exposure to drugs on the part of adolescents, and young adults as well as to reduce crime. The flow of drugs fuels the coffers of organized crime amounting to sums in the billions of euros that is fed by the commission of petty crimes, murders, and other societal acts resulting from addiction, procurement, and supply at all levels in the matrix. The costs in terms of humanity, resources, and suffering are almost incalculable. The reduction of drug flow as well as usage represents a solution that benefits all but those who are reaping huge profits from its movement, and sale. Problem Identification In equating the problem as well as ramifications of the factors leading toward the use of cannabis, and what actions can be taken to reduce the foregoing, various approaches, and methodologies have been put forth by nations, and international organizations such as the United Nations to address this issue. The two main schools of thought in attempting to resolve this conundrum are the curtailing of supply as a means to limit drug availability along with punitive measures for suppliers and users, and the education of users, and potential users to the dangers of drug use, and providing them with a means to obtain treatment. The foregoing represents the tactics of the two main destination points, the United States, and the member states of the European Union, respectively. These are the external forces acting upon Pakistan in addition to the drug supply passing through the country from Afghanistan as well as the growth, and production of drugs within the country that makes heroin, cocain e and cannabis freely and readily available to the residents of Peshawar. It is one of the main through routes for the distribution of drugs. The preceding has created an immense problem for the government of Pakistan to implement methods to resolve these issues, and address the needs of its populace in treating as well as stemming drug usage for their own well being. Aim of the dissertation The aim of this examination is to explore as well as uncover the factors leading to drug usage in the Peshawar district, its effects on the populace, and what steps, methodologies, and procedures can or should be implemented to stem its growth, and effect a reduction that is sustainable. Specific Objectives The objectives are represented by the following: To identify factors leading to the use of cannabis by local transport drivers in district Peshawar. To identify ways to tackle factors that lead towards cannabis use by local transport drivers. To provide recommendations to deal with the issue of cannabis use by local transport drivers of district Peshawar. Output of the study This facet of the study is to provide a background of information on the issue that provides an informational basis via which to better understand the forces acting on drug usage in Peshawar from an internal as well as external perspective to reach a recommendation that provides a means to reduce drug usage. Stakeholders/target audience The stakeholders in this examination are represented by the destination states for the illicit drugs grown, cultivated, and produced in the region that is trafficked as well as the local residents who have been impacted directly by this activity to the point whereby Pakistan has one of the highest percentage rates of drug users in the international community. The concentration of drug activity in Peshawar has thus directly affected its residents, and is taking the future away from an entire generation that is caught in the web of illicit drugs. The target audiences represented by this examination are those parties involved in seeking a means to reduce drug use in the district, on a national as well as international level. Methodology The methodology to be utilized in this examination shall be based upon secondary sources utilizing a broad cross section of ideas, studies, approaches, and actual drug reduction strategies taken from key countries, and regions internationally. The sources will utilise books, journals, articles, and the Internet to gain as broad a perspective as possible that is limited by the amount of data as well as time constraints. The limitations are a result of the preceding as some potentially enlightening information could possibility be overlooked, and or not obtained as a result of the amount of data available. Research forms the core of this examination as it will provide the information from which specific aspects will be gleaned that relate to the study. Anderson (1998, p. 27) states that. â€Å"Researchis a dynamic activity that travels a long and winding trail from start to finish. It is not a single event, rather, the act of doing research is a process. And like instructional design, evaluation, decision-making and planning, the research cycle has a set of basic elements that interrelate and interact with each other† He adds that (Anderson, 1998, p. 27): â€Å"All research involves certain common elements such as defining the questions, reviewing the literature, planning the methodology, collecting and analyzing data, and disseminating findings. At first glance, this may seem like a rather logical, straightforward process, but it is not. Research is dynamic, it evolves as activities unfold and the elements of the research process interact and impact on one another. Time is required to allow research questions to develop, literature to be searched, data to be collected, interpreted and analyzed, and findings disseminated.† Chapter 2 – Problem Analysis The examination of the impact of cannabis use on local transport drivers of the Peshawar district in Pakistan immediately provides a visual as well as mental signal as to the potentially dangerous ramifications. Cannabis is a hypnotic drug derived from a plant which has intoxicant qualities that have some uses in medicine, but is better known for is use as a recreational drug where it generates a considerable range of side effects that impact differing people in varied manners. Mikuriya (1969, p. 904) listed the following potential therapeutic uses: analgesic and hypnotic, as an appetite stimulant, antiepileptic, antispasmodic, as an aid in the prevention as well as interruption of migraines and tic douloureux, as an antidepressant as well as tranquilizer, as a psychotherapeutic aid, antiasthmatic, in the acceleration of childbirth (oxytoxic), as a topical anesthetic, in certain uses as an agent that facilitates patient withdrawal from additions to opiates and alcohol, and as an antibiotic In terms of the context of this examination concerning the factors that lead to the use of cannabis, and what can be done about the situation, utilizing the context of transport drivers in Peshawar Pakistan, the focus is thus on the user side of the equation in terms of cannabis as a recreational drug. In that context studies, and analysis by a broad number of researchers as well as the documentation found in journals, books, and articles clearly point out through conclusive as well as subjective findings that cannabis has a broad number of impairment qualities that can manifest themselves. Key to that understanding is the fact that these manifestations can occur in differing degrees of intensity as well as singular, and or multiple combinations in the user, who may or may not be aware of these effects. The preceding makes the use of this drug even more dangerous for individuals engaged in the operation of machinery, and in particular trucks. The Center on International Cooperation (2004) provided an overview of the problem in stating that Pakistan is known for governmental corruption that plays a part in the drug trafficking that occurs within its borders. The proximity of Peshawar to the border of Afghanistan as well as its own growing. and related drug production activities makes that district a den for drug use as a result of its ease of availability. and low price. Contributing to the problem is the lack of employment opportunities that has created a large number of individuals living in poverty. The International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (2006) states that low income, lack of economic opportunities, and proximity to the availability of drugs makes for high usage. The forgoing, coupled with the fact that cannabis is a social, and or recreational drug that does not have the stigma of heroin, and cocaine, yet does have many of their same qualities, creates an environment ripe for addiction. The foregoing is de monstrated by the fact that after to Iran, Pakistan has the highest percentage of drugs users in the world (International Crisis Group, 2001). Factors that lead to the use of cannabis, in addition to the broad circumstantial aspects thus far mentioned, are peer pressure, and use as well as social contexts (Ausubel, 1969, p. 17), and the lack of education, opportunities, and outlets for social and recreational pursuits, and information on the dangerous effects of cannabis use (Kahn, 2002). In terms of transport drivers, their jobs entail repetitive, monotonous, low paying work that leaves plenty of time for mental wandering, boredom, and association with individuals who are drug users as well as being young of age. That age group is therefore highly prone to peer pressure, thus throwing them into a circle of high potential usage (IRIN, 2006). All of the preceding represents unmistakable contributing factors that make it extremely difficult to escape falling into drug use. In delving into the examination of the problem a ‘problem tree’ is a useful tool in analyzing situations as it aids in the identification of major problems in the examination, along with the causal relationships (Robertson, 2001. p. 32). In applying this methodology to the preceding examination, the following analysis of the factors equated with the problem become evident. Figure 1 – Problem Tree Analysis of Factors Leading to Cannabis Use and What Can be Done About Them: A Study Carried Out in Local Transport Drivers of the Peshawar District in Pakistan The preceding analysis shall thus form the matrix upon which this examination will focus. Chapter 3 – Literature Review Cannabis sativa was labeled by Linnaeus in 1753 is known by many names, the most popular, and universally understood being marihuana, and weed (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 1). Known for medicinal as well as being a euphoriant, the first recorded use of cannabis is â€Å"†¦found in the Herbal, an ancient equivalent of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia, written about 400 to 500 B.C. â€Å" (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 1). Also known as ‘Indian Hemp’, it is a stout, bushy, branching plant whose height varies from 5 to 15 feet in height, and is an old crop that has been grown in China as well as Asia for centuries (Hill, 1952, p. 28). In terms of products, Indian hemp is utilized â€Å"†¦for ropes, twine, carpets, sailcloth, yacht cordage, binder twine, sacks, bags, and webbing† as well as â€Å"Hemp waste, and the woody fibers of the stem are sometimes used in making paper† (Hill, 1952, p. 29). In addition â€Å"The seeds contain an oil that is useful in the soap and paint industries as a substitute for linseed oil† (Hill, 1952, p. 29). Medicinally, â€Å"Cannabis has long been used as an indigenous medicine in the south of Africa, South America, Turkey, Egypt, and many areas of Asia including India, the Malays, Burma, and Siam† (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 218). Despite the Western notion of cannabis as simply an intoxicant, there is documented evidence of its beneficial use in medicinal remedies. There is a large body of evidence from the Orient on the use of cannabis in medical applications (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 219). In studies conducted by Dr, W.B. O’Shaughnessy in 1839, who at the time was thirty-three and an â€Å"†¦ assistant surgeon and professor of chemistry at the Medical College of Calcutta †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , he experimented on â€Å"†¦patients suffering from rabies, rheumatism, epilepsy, and tetanus† (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 219). O’Shaughnessy reported â€Å" †¦ anticonvulsant properties of the previously untried materia medica, expressed his belief that in Hemp the profess ion has gained an anti-convulsive remedy of the greatest value† (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 219). O’Shaughnessy’s research led further investigation by Dr. R. M’Meens for â€Å"†¦tetanus, neuralgia, the arrest of uterine hemorrhage, as an analgesic during labor, in dysmenorrhoea, convulsions, the pain of rheumatism, asthma, postpartum psychoses, gonorrhea, and chronic bronchitis† (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 219). Dr. M’Meens studies and reports resulted in cannabis being assigned (M’Meens, 1860, pp. 94-95): a place among the so called hypnotic medicines next to opium; its effects are less intense, and the secretions are not so much suppressed by it. Digestion is not disturbed; the appetite rather increased; . . . The whole effect of hemp being less violent, and producing a more natural sleep, without interfering with the actions of the internal organs, it is certainly often preferable to opium, although it is not equal to that drug in strength and reliability. M’Meens also found that cannabis had use as a sedative among other medicinal purposes (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 220). Dr. Hare in 1887 noted that the use of cannabis â€Å"†¦quieting restlessness and anxiety, and by turning the mind of the patient to other channels. . . . Under these circumstances, the patient, whose most painful symptom has been mental trepidation, may become more happy or even hilarious† (Hare, 1887, p. 225-226). However, the Tax Act of 1937 â€Å"†¦completed its medical demise, and it was removed from the U.S. Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary in 1941† (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 218). Modern day medical findings see its proponents suggesting the legalisation of marijuana in terms of its medicinal uses (Earlywine, 2002, p. 167). Naturally, the preceding views have sparked a number of debates. It has been found that â€Å"Smoked cannabis clearly helps some problems and may cost less than other medications†, and that â€Å"Synthetic cannabinoids can also alleviate symptoms of many disorders† (Earlywine, 2002, p. 167). G.T. Stockings, a medical researcher, administered a synthetic cannabis preparation to fifty depressive patients, and thirty-six showed definitive improvement (Stockings, 1947, pp. 918-922). Mikuriya (1969, p. 904) in reviewing the medical evidence as well as literature listed the potential and possible therapeutic uses of cannabis: analgesic and hypnotic, as an appetite stimulant, antiepileptic, antispasmodic, as an aid in the prevention as well as interruption of migraines and tic douloureux, as an antidepressant as well as tranquilizer, as a psychotherapeutic aid, antiasthmatic, in the acceleration of childbirth (oxytoxic), as a topical anesthetic, in certain uses as an agent that facilitates patient withdrawal from additions to opiates and alcohol, and as an antibiotic The current position of organized medicine in the United States is that cannabis has been condemned as medically worthless, and even dangerous (Grinspoon, 1971, p. 226). In fact the members of the Committee on Legislative Activities of the American Medical Association in 1937, in protesting the Marihuana Tax Act, stated (Cary, 1937, pp. 2214-2215): There is positively no evidence to indicate the abuse of cannabis as a medicinal agent or to show that its medicinal use is leading to the development of cannabis addiction. Cannabis at the present time is slightly used for medicinal purposes, but it would seem worthwhile to maintain its status as a medicinal agent for such purposes as it now has. There is a possibility that a restudy of the drug by modern means may show other advantages to be derived from its medicinal use. Your committee also recognizes that in the Border States the extensive use of the marihuana weed by a certain type of people would be hard to control that in the Border States the extensive use of the marihuana weed by a certain type of people would be hard to control† In 1967 a position paper written in the Journal of the American Medical Association stated â€Å"Cannabis (marihuana) has no known use in medical practice in most countries of the world, including the United States† (Council on Mental Health and Committee on Legislative Activities and Drug Dependence, 1967, p. 1181). The factual evidence however points to otherwise as a classified undertaking by the United States Department of Defence in the United States that suggests the utilisation of cannabis compounds might be useful for (Culliton, 1970, p. 105): analgesics blood pressure reduction, and psychopharmacotherapeutic agents The limited utilization position of the United States in the uses of marijuana for medical purposes is outdated, according to global practices. The only uses legally approved in the United States are in California, and Arizona for medical purposes as approved by a physician, primarily for glaucoma, and high blood pressure (Christenson, 2004). Research conducted at the Complutense University in Madrid revealed that components contained in marijuana that were derived from the plant inhibited the growth of cancerous brain tumours (Annie Appleseed Project, 2007). The findings of that study were published in the journal of the American Association of Cancer Research. Other research and studies have also found that â€Å"†¦cannabis restricts the blood supply to Gliobastoma multiforme tumours †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , which is an aggressive brain tumour (Annie Appleseed Project, 2007). The foregoing study which was initiated in the United States in 1974, and then subsequent left unfounded was p icked up by the Complutense University Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in 1998 were it was â€Å"†¦discovered that THC could selectively induce programme cell death in brain tumours without affecting healthy cells† (Annie Appleseed Project, 2007). In addition, new research and studies have uncovered what other cultures, notably Asian, have known for decades, that marijuana in certain uses does have value as a medicine. In a recent study conducted at the University of California, it was â€Å"†¦found that smoked marijuana was effective at relieving the extreme pain of a debilitating condition known as peripheral neuropathy †¦ (as well as potentially beneficial uses for) †¦ cancer, AIDS, multiple sclerosis, arthritis and other debilitating illnesses.† (International Herald Tribune, 2007). The foregoing positive uses of cannabis as well as the wide spread use in Asia on an historical basis for medical purposes underlines the rationales for providing the broad based background information which was utilized to set the context that the initial foundational uses of cannabis in that region on an historical basis served a different purpose from its present. That background is important in understanding that the m ental, and historical context in terms of cannabis in the Asian region differed greatly from the policy, and views of the United States, and Europe that impose criminal penalties that have spread to other regions, including Asia as the over riding policy that deals with usage today. In equating the use as well as regional context regarding Pakistan and cannabis, it is important to understand that the country borders China, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan. The preceding is important in that Afghanistan is â€Å"†¦ the principle opium supplier to heroin and morphine base laboratories located in Pakistan †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , Tajikistan as well as Turkey (Center on International Cooperation, 2004). The drug industry provides a livelihood for many of the poor of Afghanistan as well as Tajikistan, and the Peshawar district (Center on International Cooperation, 2004). The governmental administration in Pakistan has corrupt elements, subject to the payment of funds to ease controls, and police interference, thus keeping the market fluid (Khan and Wadud, 2001). With Peshawar located extremely close to the Afghanistan border, and Khyber Pass, it is the center of drug trafficking, and thus also fosters a drug supportive culture. The significance of the preceding is that the u nderlying hard drug culture fosters softer drugs use, cannabis, as more acceptable and a lighter form of involvement (United States Department of State, 2006). Cannabis is cultivated as well as grows wild in the region, thus making its availability easy for any resident (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2007). Figure 1 – Map of Pakistan (unique-century, 2007) The significance of the medicinal historical background as well as the drug industry trade, and the overall poverty of the region set the conditions for drug use among the populace as well, important factors in the understanding of motivations for use, and conditions that drag individuals into use. Important in this understanding is that Afghanistan’s drug trafficking represents an estimated one-third of the overall Gross Domestic Product, which is fostered by a corruption government administration (United States Department of State, 2006). The region itself is also subject to the drug trade as a result of the land expanses of land, and the huge number of individuals living at, and below the poverty line. In addition to the indicated countries, drugs form a big part of the economies of Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka (Center on International Cooperation, 2004). The heavy undercurrent of drugs, opium, heroin, and thus cannabis represents a lure for a means out of povert y as well as a manner in which a large number of the populace are exposed to drugs at an early age. Pakistan itself traffics in drugs as well as cultivates opium, and is a major transit country for hashish and opiates from Afghanistan (Center on International Cooperation, 2004). The country also has unconfirmed labs, and facilities along with an estimated 3 to 5 million addicts. Drug traffickers in Pakistan move product from Afghanistan to Turkey by land, through Iran as well as by sea. The foregoing is also an important consideration in the use of cannabis as a softer drug that is less addictive, and more importantly is affordable as a hard drug substitute in terms of poor economic opportunities as well as physical isolation for Pakistanis (International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, 2006). In the Asian region, cannabis is seen as an herb more than a drug. Unlike hard drugs such as heroin and cocaine, cannabis is seen as a social and recreational drug. It is easily grown in almost any type of conditions, and the climate in Pakistan is particularly suited to cultivation. It is important to mention that cannabis in today’s form differs from their culture of the 1960’s and 70’s in that it has been cross bred, and its potency has increased dramatically, estimated by 20 times (Drug Addiction Advice Project, 2007). The last factor, increased potency has changed the dynamics of cannabis to one that borders on the additive qualities of cocaine. Cannabis is a mood-altering drug, which represents one of the key rationales for its use among the improvised peoples of Peshawar as it provides an increased internal feeling of well being and happiness, increases laughter, and also heightens one’s appetite. The preceding are factors in the hard life of poorer Peshawar residents as they have little to be happy about. Cannabis, like alcohol helps people to relax, and in many instances aids them in thinking that it helps them to cope with their problems (Department of Human Services, 2002). 3.1 Actions Against Cannabis The global drug problem has been the subject of immense study as well as policies. A key development that has influenced the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances has been the Inter-American Commission on Drug Policy (Smith, 1992, p. 16). After years of study, the Commission issued a policy report in 1991 that advised that the means to control, and thus reduce global drug use rested in understanding the following dy

Missouri Compromise Essay -- essays research papers

Missouri Compromise The Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1877, was mainly caused by the diverging society between the North and the South. The North and the South had different goals. There were many factors that led to the war and the chief ones were political and economic differences between the North and the South. The North’s aggression to control the South had led to the point where it was intolerable. The issue on slavery was one of the causes of the Civil War. Slavery and slave trades had become a big part of the South’s economy. The slaves were needed to work on plantations which helped the South prospered. During the 19th Century, the North worked hard on abolishing slavery, which they thought was a disgrace to the Union. Compromises were proposed working toward an end to slavery. One of the compromises was the Missouri Compromise, which made Maine, a free state, and Missouri, a slave state, excluded slavery from Louisiana Territory and everything above the 36 30-north latitud e. Other compromises such as the Compromise of 1850 did please both sides. The Compromise included admitting California as a free state and interstate slave trade to be abolished, which went in favor of the North. The Compromise also went with the South when it included stricter fugitive slave laws and New Mexico and Utah were created without slave restrictions. A book called, "Uncle Tom’s Cabin" was also published at this time emphasizing the evils of slavery. This added tension...

Protein Energy Malnutrition Essay

The article’s subject concerns the protein deficiency among infants in the Osun state of Nigeria. Nursing frequency and duration experienced a reduction during complementary food were introduced to infants in Osun. Mothers tend to be complacent in feeding their babies with complementary food, which result to the minimized breast-feeding of mothers that hinders the natural nutrition that these infants need.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a study conducted among Osun infants, they discovered that it was not a advisable for children at this age to be fed by such synthetic food. Consumption of such tends to halt the natural nourishment the babies need from their mothers. As early as two years old, babies were exposed already to complementary food, which is against the requirement of the World Health Organization (Ogunba, 2004). According to WHO, the amount of protein and calories (energy) that were consumed by infants were not above standard levels because these foods contain excess amount of carbohydrates alone (Ogunba, 2004). Obviously, the nutritional requirement of an infant is not met due to the outcome of early supplementation of these synthetic food. Infants’ natural diet should require constant breast-feeding in which they are enable to consume protein from milk. Unfortunately, this apt nutritional nourishment is ignored by the mothers in Osun (Ogunba, 2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a study conducted among Osun infants, protein energy malnutrition was discovered that it was in constant depletion. The lack of protein among the infants resulted to â€Å"stunting†. Stunting   has a significant presence in the rural areas, which is an indication of chronic under-nutrition in these areas (Ogunba, 2004). It was discovered that stunting was among the culprits of infant growth faltering, as a result from the consumption of complementary food, children from one to six months of age were experiencing a decrease in growth and health progress (Ogunba, 2004). Stunting is the most prevalent of the different manifestations of PEM (33.9 per cent), followed by underweight (21.0 per cent) and wasting (9.2 per cent) (Ogunba, 2004). Children need protein more than adults do because they are constantly growing and developing. The protein requirement of infants is per unit of body weight higher than those of adults. Reference Ogunba,B. (2004). Protein energy malnutrition in complemented breast-fed babies: implications of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the timing of complementary feeding. Nutrition & Food Science. Retrieved February 10,   Ã‚  Ã‚   2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://swtuopproxy.museglobal.com/MuseSessionID=af57a678251afeca8c38cca61826cae/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MuseHost=www.emeraldinsight.com/MusePath/Insight/ViewContentServlet?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Filename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Articles/0170340504.html

Infamous Professor Ramos Blog

Infamous Generally, monsters are unreal and are made up to exploit the fears of the people, but in the rare cases that they are real is when the terror sets in. Charles Starkweather and Caril Ann Fugate did not have eight arms, stand at a height of forty feet, have some sort of superpower or invulnerability like some monsters that we know today. Yet, they were still capable of brutally massacring eleven people including a two-year-old child. At nineteen years old Starkweather would be executed by way of the electric chair, and Fugate would be the youngest person to be tried for first-degree murder at the age of fourteen. Monsters are supposed to be things of myth and legend, things supposed to scare people, but at the end of the day are not real. Unfortunately, real monsters do exist and are often much scarier than those shown on the big screen. The pair’s actions have led to multiple films being based on them like Natural Born Killers (1994), Badlands (1973) and books and even a song. The violence portrayed in these movies, especially Natural Born Killers (1994), has spurred multiple copycat crimes and received heavy criticism at the time of its release. The actions of the duo Starkweather and Fugate would cause repercussions many years later after the fact and in this day and age can still be referred to as monsters. Charles Starkweather and Caril Ann Fugate would carry out their killing spree in Lincoln, Nebraska, starting in 1957 all the way to their capture in 1958. Charles came from a poor working-class family both of his parents were hard workers that managed to provide for their family with the basic necessities (Murder Mystery). Often it is equated to a child’s upbringing that causes the inability to conform and function in society, but in this case, Charles had a seemingly normal home life being the third born of seven. In complete contrast of that, Charles was bullied terribly at school, mocked for being bowlegged and considered mentally slow by his peers (Murder Mystery). So, to compensate for that Starkweather would begin to fight just about anyone and develop the mentality that he needed to prove something. Tying into monster theory four, the monster dwells at the gate of difference because he was different from the rest of the kids he was alienated and picked on severely by the kids, effectively creating a monster in the waiting (Cohen 7). On the other hand, Fugate was a typical all-American girl that was introduced to Starkweather by a friend eventually becoming inseparable from the older bad boy Starkweather (Murder Mystery). After meeting it would not be long until Starkweather would then commit his first murder. Starkweather was a time bomb waiting to explode and when he would break is when the chaos would begin. The precipitating cause or tipping point for Starkweather was when he went to buy a gift for Fugate at a local gas station and lacking the funds held up the store at gunpoint and kidnapped the twenty-one-year-old shopkeeper and then executed him a few miles down the road making out clean with almost a hundred dollars. A month later Starkweather would then kill the family of Caril Ann Fugate which include her stepfather, mother, and two-year-old half-sister. Brutally murdering them all by shooting the father multiple times as well as stabbing, then beating down the mother with the back of a rifle and as well as gunshots and the most gruesome of them all, stabbing and beating the two-year-old to death (Murder Mystery). According to Starkweather’s version of the story, Fugate knew and helped dispose of the bodies of her family, whereas in Fugate’s version Starkweather said that her family was being held hostage and needed to comply with him for their release. After spending a week at the house of Fugate, the pair living like newlyweds, they had to move as suspicions began to grow suspicious from the lack of contact from the now deceased family. Starkweather would then escape to an elderly family friends’ home but would shoot the seventy-two-year-old man dead (Kingsbury). After fleeing from the house in search of a car, the two would come across â€Å"another teenage couple, Carol King and Robert Jensen† who would offer them a ride being good people of the 50’s only to be brutally murdered for it (Kingsbury). Another inconsistency arises here as according to Starkweather he only killed Jensen and Fugate murders King, on the contrary, Fugate denies taking part in the killing of either of them (Mayo 339). At this point, the authorities are out in full force and multiple militias are gathering to look for the murderous pair. On the run they almost randomly break into a house and kill three more, a married couple and their maid, shooting the and stabbing all three of them in brutal ways. The last person they would kill would be a traveling salesman after trying to change cars to avoid their pursuers, but this is also what would allow them to be caught. Fugate would run to authorities when held up at the salesmen’s car, and Starkweather would lead authorities on a chase with both of their inevitable arrests. How the press and the authorities would handle the case is what would cause repercussions that can still be seen to this day. Fugate would be interviewed on TV and radio in attempts to sway the public (Pangea). Starkweather would be allowed to dress up and become the James Dean wannabe that he aimed to be. Adding to their infamy was the mass of reporters and townspeople that would come out to see the young pair that had terrorized their city (Murder Mystery). Influencing movies such as Natural Born Killers (1994) in which the pair of killers would be made into celebrities, romanticizing the killers into something grand. This, in turn, would create many other copycat crimes one of the major ones being the shooting at the Columbine High School. The shootings and copycat crimes would then inspire the idea that that violent videogames and movies desensitize the people and create killers. The shooters of Columbine were very big fans of NBK (1994) even citing them in their manual and referencing the videogame DOOM (Block). Which also applies to monster theory that states the monster is a type of desire because all the copycats wanted to be like the killers in the movie Natural Born Killers (1994) which is based on the two young killers Starkweather and Fugate (Cohen). The idolization of killers and the infamy that comes with it can arguably be sourced to the small town of Lincoln, Nebraska, involving the story of a nineteen-year-old boy and his fourteen-year-old girlfriend.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The effect of the two killers Charles Starkweather and Caril Ann Fugate would cause repercussions because of not only what they did but because of their infamy that they received from it. Inciting other killers in real life to act because it inspired the thinking that if one was to murder, they would receive infamy and become something bigger than life. While not always the case as there is a multitude of reasons as to why someone may commit murder, the young couple were some of the first to inspire such thinking. In a time where people did not lock their doors, the pair surely gave the community validation to start doing so. Work Cited Block, Jerald D. â€Å"Lessons from Columbine: Virtual and Real Rage.† American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 2007. Boyle, Karen. â€Å"What’s Natural About Killing? Gender, Copycat Violence and Natural Born Killers.† Journal of Gender Studies, vol. 10, no. 3, Nov. 2001, pp. 311–321. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/09589230120086511. Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. â€Å"Monster Culture(Seven Theses).†. Gothic Horror: A Guide for Students and readers (2007):198-217. Kingsbury, Alex. â€Å"Misfits, Lovers, and Murderers.† U.S. News World Report, vol. 143, no. 5, Aug. 2007, pp. 59–60. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=26095314site=ehost-live. Mayo, Mike. â€Å"Starkweather, Charles.† American Murder, Feb. 2008, pp. 338–341. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=khhAN=39774766site=ehost-live. Murder Mystery. â€Å"Born to Kill Charles Starkweather.† YouTube, YouTube, 13 Oct. 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=54wCckkgpbQ. PANGEA. â€Å"Charles Starkweather | Great Crimes Trials.† YouTube, YouTube, 27 June 2018, www.youtube.com/watch?v=oclrxiaPasI. Wischmann , Lesley. â€Å"The Killing Spree That Transfixed a Nation: Charles Starkweather and Caril Fugate, 1958.† WyoHistory.org, 8 Nov. 2014, www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/killing-spree-transfixed-nation-charles-starkweather-and-caril-fugate-1958.

Free Essays on Life Among The Nacirema

Professor Horace Miner first brought the Nacirema of Asu to the attention of anthropologists in the 1950’s. They are a North American group that lives between the Canadian Cree, and the Carib and Arawak of the Antilles. Some say that their people are on the road to self-destruction because of their key values and beliefs, other say they still have along way to go; regardless, the society is filled with rich, sometimes shocking, customs and strange magical rituals that have fascinated anthropologists for years. Of course one's beauty is determined by how their body image is perceived by others. The Nacirema take this one step further. As Miner said: "The fundamental belief underlying the whole system appears to be that the human body is ugly." A main philosophy of the Nacirema is that the human body is debilitated and unsightly. They believe that it has a tendency to become abnormal and diseased if the correct rituals are not preformed daily. The Nacirema are convinced that man is trapped inside of the suffering material body and each person must free themselves with the ceremonial traditions. These include elaborate daily rituals that the person must perform, for instance the rituals of the shrine room. (Which I will discuss later on.) If someone has a body that is considered ugly, or over or under weight the Nacirema often conclude it is due to a mistake in that persons rituals. Therefore the person deserved to be disfigured and they are deemed an outcaste. There are few cases where an unsightly or flawed person is allowed to become one with the normal community. About 5% of the population fast to the point of starvation (sometimes to their own death)They do this as an effort to mutilate the bodies appearance. However, even if the are not excepted by the group, most people with ugliness in their bodies form bonds, friendships, and communities with each other. If a â€Å"normal† person joins the outcastes, he must assum... Free Essays on Life Among The Nacirema Free Essays on Life Among The Nacirema Professor Horace Miner first brought the Nacirema of Asu to the attention of anthropologists in the 1950’s. They are a North American group that lives between the Canadian Cree, and the Carib and Arawak of the Antilles. Some say that their people are on the road to self-destruction because of their key values and beliefs, other say they still have along way to go; regardless, the society is filled with rich, sometimes shocking, customs and strange magical rituals that have fascinated anthropologists for years. Of course one's beauty is determined by how their body image is perceived by others. The Nacirema take this one step further. As Miner said: "The fundamental belief underlying the whole system appears to be that the human body is ugly." A main philosophy of the Nacirema is that the human body is debilitated and unsightly. They believe that it has a tendency to become abnormal and diseased if the correct rituals are not preformed daily. The Nacirema are convinced that man is trapped inside of the suffering material body and each person must free themselves with the ceremonial traditions. These include elaborate daily rituals that the person must perform, for instance the rituals of the shrine room. (Which I will discuss later on.) If someone has a body that is considered ugly, or over or under weight the Nacirema often conclude it is due to a mistake in that persons rituals. Therefore the person deserved to be disfigured and they are deemed an outcaste. There are few cases where an unsightly or flawed person is allowed to become one with the normal community. About 5% of the population fast to the point of starvation (sometimes to their own death)They do this as an effort to mutilate the bodies appearance. However, even if the are not excepted by the group, most people with ugliness in their bodies form bonds, friendships, and communities with each other. If a â€Å"normal† person joins the outcastes, he must assum...

Clean Edge Case Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Clean Edge Case Questions - Essay Example This functions to maintain sales and productivity for the old products while establishing a niche in the market for the new products. The idea is to avoid the new product from cannibalizing the old products while simultaneously maintaining a competitive edge for an organization’s entire product range. The customer’s sense of utility for both products should remain high for both products. There is a real threat of the new product over-shadowing the old product; therefore, it is paramount for the marketing team to have ample preparation for such an eventuality. Defects in the new product released warrants management to either recall the released products. This is a weakness, which the organization should strive to eradicate (Beckham & Quelch). Non-disposable razor use is categorized into two general types. The first is the everyday shaver, which seeks to create an ultimate shaving experience for consumers. The product’s affordability ranges from high to low-end. Conversely, the second category is the general shaver, which is available for all consumers depending on their financial capabilities. The R&D department at Clean Edge seeks to find out consumers’ frequency of use, their budget and their expectations of the product; for example, a consumer’s lifestyle determines the type of razor they require. I would recommend Clean Edge being sold as a niche positioned product, which offers the ultimate shaving experience for men who shave routinely and who seek a superior razor and performance razor. This will appeal to the functionality appeal of the consumer for a non-disposable, high quality razor. This will maintain the competitive edge that Clean Edge has and set it apart as a high quality product- a must have which appeals to the masculine in the male consumer. I would not recommend the mainstream positioning of the Clean Edge, as it would face harsh competition form the already flooded market. It could also spell the decline in