Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 25

Anger was all I had left, and I let rage fuel me the way human blood had in my first weeks as a vampire. I couldn't believe Damon's indifference, couldn't understand who he'd become. But him not helping didn't change what I needed to do: save Lexi. Across the street a gentleman upon a coal-black mare was talking amiably down to a shopkeeper. The moment the shopkeeper went in to get something I grabbed the horse's reins and, breaking my vow for the second time in twenty-four hours, I compelled the rider to dismount and enjoy a nice long walk back home. Though normally I'd be faster than a horse, I was hungry and drained, so with gentle whispers and a crack of the reins I was off uptown, loudly galloping upon the New York City streets. She was a fine beast and responded to my every gentle nudge, the slightest clench of my knees. With the wind in my hair and the leather in my grip, I almost felt like my old self again. But the sky was beginning to lighten, in that hushed crystal blue of early morning, and I had to urge every last bit of speed out of the horse. Lexi's life might depend on it. As we mounted the long drive up to the Richards' and took the small path to the family chapel on the right, I knew I had made the right decision. I could smell the old one's presence, the miasma of old blood, death, and decay that followed around him like a shadow. My horse whinnied in terror. I leaped off the horse before she had really stopped and gave her a gentle spank. â€Å"Go home,† I ordered. She reared up, as if unwilling to give up her newfound freedom, then turned and galloped away. I ran into the great hall where I was wed, pushing aside a lone servant who stood in my way. Lexi was there, tied to the altar like an ancient sacrifice. The smell of vervain burned my nose – her ropes had clearly been soaked in it. The sun had risen, and its presence came in the form of a bloodred puddle from an east-facing stained glass window. As the light slowly moved toward her feet she squirmed and gasped, trying to pull her legs out of the way. A wisp of smoke rose up where the deadly sun had just begun to touch her toes, and the strange smell of burning flesh filled the room. â€Å"Lexi!† I yelled. â€Å"Stefan!† she sobbed in pain and relief. I thought fast. It would take me far too long to figure out how to remove the vervain-soaked ropes, and there was nothing I could cover the windows with, no tapestries or easily pulled-up rugs or runners. Without thinking of my own safety, I ran over and grabbed her small white hand, slipping my ring over her finger. â€Å"But, Stefan,† Lexi protested. â€Å"You need it if you're going to keep chasing after and saving me,† I said, pulling all her ropes off. The vervain burned my fingers raw, but preserved her until she was free. Despite the pain in my fingers, I felt light and hopeful. I had done it. I'd saved Lexi. â€Å"Now let's get you – â€Å" But at that moment, a vervain-soaked net fell on us both, searing every inch of my body. â€Å"Run!† I shouted, pushing Lexi out of the way. She rolled to the floor, then reached for the edge of a pew to help right herself. As she extended her arm, though, it passed through a shaft of sunlight. Her eyes widened in wonder, clearly shocked that no smoke appeared and her skin didn't burn. And then she disappeared, blurring with vampire speed away from the scene. I put up my hands, trying to keep the netting off my face, but I twisted and cried out wherever the poisoned rope touched me. The ancient vampire appeared, giant leather gloves on his hands and a big grin on his pale face. â€Å"Hello.† The corners of his mouth pulled back too far, revealing a set of strong white teeth wedged in decaying gums. â€Å"So predictable, coming to rescue a damsel in distress.† That foul odor of a slaughterhouse enveloped me like a hot wind in August: inescapable, absolute, and horrible. Despite the burning nets, I tried to turn away from it. That only made him chuckle. â€Å"Where is the one who is always near you and just out of your grasp, like a shadow? Where is your brother?† I clenched my jaw. Knowing Damon, he was swilling his third whiskey, preparing to feast on a saloon girl or two. Lucius studied my silent face, seeming to mistake it for bravado. â€Å"Well, it is no matter. I will get him eventually. Your brother is more like a real vampyr than you, no interest in anything outside his little world, no desire to do good. He may survive for a trifle longer.† â€Å"What do you plan to do with me?† I demanded. Though in truth, now that Lexi was safe, I didn't fear for my own safety. I wished only to have the chance to kill the monster, to stop him from exacting further revenge and preying on more humans. But the vervain was drawing out my Power like a siphon, and I knew even scratching the old one would be a small victory. The beast grabbed the net and threw me over his shoulder like I was nothing more than a bag of mice or feathers. â€Å"My plans are not particularly spectacular,† he said as he lumbered down the church's aisle. There were still rose petals on the floor, I noted, drying away into thin scraps of nothing. The flowers in vases were wilted, everything left to wither after the murder of the brides. â€Å"But they will be enduring. Vampires can survive a very, very long time. Without food. Slowly starving over the centuries and still not dying.† The net shifted as he shrugged. â€Å"Well, eventually, perhaps. I've never seen it happen, but I suppose we'll find out.† He took a sudden left into the private chapel, stopping in front of a set of double doors – the crypt, I suddenly realized with mounting dread. Although the doors were solid, carved marble, Lucius had no problem throwing them open, dumping me out of the net, and tossing me into a tiny stone room, barely larger than the dozen coffins interred there. For one brief moment, I relished the feel of the cool air rushing over my burned skin. But then he let out a low growl. â€Å"When your hunger for blood eats you from the inside and makes you go mad, do not worry – I will be there, listening. Watching. And laughing.† My last sight was of the ancient standing, outlined in a bright halo of the living world, waving. Then he threw the doors closed with a slam that echoed to the very heavens, and I was in utter darkness. I raced to the doors and threw my weight against them. They didn't even rattle. Trying to quell my rising hysteria, I took in the dank, musty room, searching for an opening, a secret exit, an out, even though a voice at the back of my mind screamed, â€Å"It's a crypt, Stefan! Death is the only way out!† I wove through the maze of coffins and sarcophagi. Even in my panic I noticed the ornate carvings and brass hinges. One of the marble tombs had the portrait of a young girl engraved in high relief. She had wide eyes and bow-shaped lips. I slumped over the carving, as though I could hug the girl resting beneath it. At least Lexi was safe, I told myself. If nothing else, at least I could spend the centuries knowing that she was out there somewhere, living her life – protected by my ring. And maybe, just maybe, trying to find me. â€Å"So long,† I whispered to Lexi in the silence of the tomb. As if on cue, the doors to the crypt opened one last time, and a petite blonde came hurtling through, landing with a thud at my feet. â€Å"Lexi!† I cried as the doors slammed shut behind her, plunging us into darkness again. â€Å"Hey there,† she said weakly. â€Å"Fancy meeting you here.†

Wireless Irrigation System Using Mobile Phone

Wireless Irrigation System Using Mobile Phone Abstraction–The purpose of this work is simplify the irrigation system utilizing cellular telephone. It is a radio control system for exchanging on/off of H2O pump by which a husbandman can easy command the irrigation of his field from any location. In rural country, changelesselectricity fluctuation and irregular power handiness are day-to-day jobs faced by many husbandmans for a long clip. To rectify such type of job, we developed a radio irrigation system. Farmer merely demands to name a fixed figure and so he can supervise the irrigation system easy. So this system will alleviate the adversities of husbandmans by replacing the manual control of H2O pump with the radio automatic control. Keywords—DTMF decipherer, Wireless control, Irrigation system, Mobile phone, Relay I. Introduction There have been drastic socio-economic developments in the life of both rural and urban people since the debut of nomadic phones in India. With latest promotions in engineering and mass production of nomadic phones in the market, they have been used in every walk of life which includes mechanization work. The agribusiness industry is no manner behind in including these technological promotions [ 1 ] . With the approval of modern engineering, the crude method of agricultural plants is now altering and advanced methods are being introduced in it. Again the human head ever demands information of involvement to command systems of his/her pick. In the age of electronic systems it is of import to be able to command and get information from everyplace [ 2 ] . So this system allows us to upgrade the irrigation system with the aid of modern engineering. Using this system, the husbandman can command the irrigation from any topographic point. So he can provide the proper sum of H2O in his field. As a consequence, the production of his harvests will be much better. II. PROPOSED SYSTEM Previously, husbandmans were dependent to the rain H2O. Now with the progress in agricultural system, they supply H2O with the H2O pump in their field. But as electricity crisis is a common matter, frequent power failures is major hinderance for irrigation. Again their field is far from their abode sometimes. So it becomes hard to supervising the irrigation system ever. So we have developed a radio irrigation system which is controlled by an electronic device based on DTMF ( Duel Tone Multi Frequency ) engineering. By this, the husbandman can command the H2O pump through nomadic phone. When he sends any signal in the device, it responses with the bid. It switches on/off the H2O pump harmonizing to the input by the husbandman. DTMF ( Duel Tone Multi Frequency ) :DTMF is a generic communicating term for touch tone ( a Registered Trademark of AT & A ; T ) . The tones produced when dialing on the computer keyboard on the phone could be used to stand for the figures, and a separate tone is used for each figure. However, there is ever a opportunity that a random sound will be on the same frequence which will trip up the system. It was suggested that if two tones were used to represent a figure, the likeliness of a false signal occurring is ruled out. This is the footing of utilizing double tone in DTMF communicating. DTMF dialing uses a computer keyboard with 12 buttons. Each key pressed on the phone generates two tone of specific frequences, so a voice or a random signal can non copy the tones. One tone is generated from a high frequence group of tones and the other from low frequence group [ 2 ] . The frequences generated on pressing different phone keys are shown in the Table 1. Button Low Frequency ( Hz ) High Frequency ( Hz ) Key Frequency ( Hz ) 1 697 1209 1906 2 697 1337 2034 3 697 1477 2174 4 770 1209 1979 5 770 1337 2107 6 770 1477 2247 7 852 1209 2061 8 852 1337 2189 9 852 1477 2329 0 941 1209 2150 * 941 1337 2278 # 941 1477 2418 Table 1: Frequency generated on cardinal imperativeness. Fig. 1: Hardware of the proposed device The developed device for the irrigation system consists of some constituents such as DTMF IC, micro-controller, relay etc. In this undertaking, we have used DTMF decipherer IC ( MT8870 ) to bring forth the frequence. The relay operates the motor of H2O pump harmonizing to the bid given on the Mobile. III. WORKING PROTOTYPE The system works through DTMF engineering. Here, we have to utilize two nomadic phone, one should be kept with the device and another will be operated by the husbandman. Farmer merely have to call to another Mobile and imperativeness the predefined key to run the H2O pump. Fig. 2: Use in existent life When the husbandman makes a call to another phone, the operation starts with it. Then he presses the denoted button on his phone. It creates tones which is transferred to the other phone and received by the DTMF decipherer circuit. Then it filters the signal and gives the end product. There are four end products which are denoted by Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. Each button generates different tone and the end product are besides created harmonizing to the tone. The end product is given below in table 2. Button Low Frequency ( Hz ) High Frequency ( Hz ) Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 1 697 1209 0 0 0 1 2 697 1336 0 0 1 0 3 697 1477 0 0 1 1 4 770 1209 0 1 0 0 5 770 1336 0 1 0 1 6 770 1477 0 1 1 0 7 852 1209 0 1 1 1 8 852 1336 1 0 0 0 9 852 1477 1 0 0 1 0 941 1209 1 0 1 0 * 941 1336 1 0 1 1 # 941 1477 1 1 0 0 Table 2: End product for different keys So we have to choose which button we want to utilize to run. Then that matching end product is sent to the micro-controller. After that, micro-controller will direct the pulsation to relay. Now relay will drive the motor. In this manner, the husbandman can easy run his operation system. The block diagram of this working process is given in figure 3. Fig. 3: Block diagram of working process IV. RESULTS & A ; DISCUSSIONS As this device aids to command the motor of H2O pump wirelessly, so it will assist to salvage the ingestion of power. Again we don’t have to be present to exchange on/off the H2O pump. So no more manual control will be. As we can provide the H2O in the field seasonably with the aid of this device, so the production will be much bigger and the husbandman will be benefited. The device is based on relay which can run really high H2O pumps. Again the cost of this device is really low. So that is rather low-cost for the husbandman. The husbandman can command the H2O supply to his field from any topographic point of the universe by merely pressing a button on his Mobile phone which is great for nonreader husbandmans. So with the execution of this undertaking, we can easy decrease many troubles in our agricultural system. V. CONCLUSION This proposed system provides an option to decrease the work of irrigation with the aid of nomadic engineering. It helps non merely to command the irrigation system but besides saves their clip needed to go to their field in order to exchange on/off the H2O pump. So there needs none to supervise the irrigation system instead timely irrigation can be easy ensured. So the production cost will lees than old which will be good for the husbandman. At-last we will promote the husbandmans to utilize this engineering for bettering their irrigation system to do maximal net income as good as to cut down the hard-work in monitoring H2O pump. Mentions [ 1 ] . V.Divya, A.Umamakeswari, â€Å"SMART IRRIGATION TECHNIQUE USING VOCAL COMMANDS† , International Journal of Engineering and Technology ( IJET ) , ISSN: 0975-4024, Vol 5 No. 1 Feb-Mar 2013. [ 2 ] . Tuljappa M Ladwa, Sanjay M Ladwa, R Sudharshan Kaarthik, Alok Ranjan Dhara, Nayan Dalei, â€Å"Control of Remote Domestic System Using DTMF â€Å" , ICICI-BME 2009 Bandung, Indonesia, page 69-74. [ 3 ] . EswaraRao Pandiripalli, Phani Ram Veeramachaneni, SambhaniMadhu Babu, Jafar Sadik, â€Å" INTERACTIVE IRRIGATION SYSTEM THROUGH MOBILE WITH IVR RESPONSE â€Å" , IJRET, Sep 2012, ISSN: 2319 – 1163, Vol No.1, page 36-40.

How to look after children’s hair, skin and teeth Essay

Children’s skin and hair should be appropriately looked after as when children develop they become more and more independent especially in their skin and hair care routines. It is vital to make sure the children are being washed and taught to look after themselves whilst they are being cared for by parents, guardians or staff at the nursery. If a child has really bad skin or an infection he/she will start to feel uncomfortable which is terrible for a young child to go through. Parents and staff members at the setting need to cooperate with one another in order to find out about the child’s skin and hair care routine. Every child may have different routines based on their family’s traditions and needs if the child has an allergy or irritation, the parents will have to advice staff at the setting what products would be best to use for them. SKINCARE Daily skin care for toddlers The skin protects the body from catching any infections, a few points to avoid this are: Changing nappies carefully to keep away from infections Wipe or wash the sweat of bodies to avoid sore areas and inflammation Keep the skin moisturised appropriately Young children should be taught how to wash their hands and praising them should encourage them to want to repeat the routine again as well as making them confident Hand wash should be used carefully as it may dry the skin out if too much is given continuously to children Never should any child be left alone near water Only use specific products which are given and agreed by parents to use if children have allergies or skin conditions for example eczema. Use gentle, fragrance-free cleansers and soaps. To prevent dry skin and rashes, apply sufficient amounts of moisturizer after bathing. Bug bites -The most common bug bites are from fleas, mosquitoes, wasps, or bees. -To avoid bug bites, apply an insect repellent which will help fast -Bites and stings are very common in children, mainly during the spring and summer months. Among the insects that often bite and sting are spiders, mites, mosquitoes, flies, fleas, ants, bees, and wasps. Skin Care Routine For Children 1 year and older- Babies and children should have daily showers every week to keep clean as they do often sweat whilst sleeping and so bathing is important in order to keep them hygienic. If in some cases the baby or child is advised not to bathe every day due to dry skin or eczema then there another way of is to gently wash their hands/fingertips with a soft cloth and only in key areas wash the face, under arms and the groin area which are the main areas. After the children have been washed a moisturiser should be applied on the entire body with the correct cream that matches the child’s skin. Babies (Under 1 year): Gently wipe the body with a soft cloth once a day with a mild cleanser. Tenderly wipe the face with water. Babies are recommended to bathe every 2-3 days a week. after they have been washed, with the appropriate creams moisturise the whole of the body especially on the areas such as elbows, knees and hands as they tend to become dry. Moisturising for babies under 6 months is not necessary as the skin does not get dry due to the pores still developing however if there are any dry patches then the creams should be applied. The products for children and babies that should be used are lightly fragranced shampoos, body wash or products like Johnson Head to Toe body wash is simple to apply and does the entire job as shampoo or conditioner is not needed, everything is inside the product already or Aveeno Baby Moisturizing Lotion is another option. HAIRCARE – Taking to parents or the child, will help staff find out about the child’s needs – Children with allergies will require certain or recommended products from parents -Head lice is common, the lice live on the scalp. There are various types of treatments which may include special lotions and combs -Black children may have certain oil rubbed in their hair and might not wash their hair frequently. Using adult’s shampoos in a child’s hair would not be appropriate as it may sting the child in the eye or irritate them on the scalp and so using the right shampoo, and using the proper detangling technique is vital in order to keep the child’s hair healthy. When children are young it is the best time to teach them how to wash, rinse, comb and style their hair as well as doing this in a routine so the children learn quickly and become used to the routine so they can independently do it themselves. Young children’s scalps and still developing and their hair texture may not reveal itself until he/she is at least 8 years of age. If a sensitive head has had harsh products that include chemicals used to it on a daily basis then it is possible that the child’s hair will always be damaged and it could lead to hair loss in the future. A baby’s hair will grow and be free rather than tied up or patterns created in the hair. It is better to let the hair be loose and allow it to feel light. Gentle shampoos and gentle techniques when combing or brushing will leave the hair to its own device. Putting a little oil or water is all the child’s hair needs as not much is required and after a matter of time the child will have a head full of thick healthy hair. Hair care tips: Washing – wash hair using a mild shampoo that doesn’t sting the child’s eyes. When they are old enough, teaching them how to shampoo and rinse their own hair will help them learn to do it themselves. Conditioner should be used when the child is older and has longer hair but avoid putting conditioner on the scalp. Tangles – detangling is best done before the child’s hair is washed. Use a wide tooth comb and start at the bottom of the hair, working your way up. Tangles can cause terrible battles between the parent and child. To reduce the pain of combing tangled hair, hold the section of hair you are trying to comb tightly. For extremely hard tangles, a good de tangler will help. Combing/Brushing – encourage your child to comb/ brush their own hair. Do not brush the hair too much as it will leave the hair very greasy. Use a comb, not a brush on hair that is wet. It increases the shine and minimizes hair breakage. Accessories – use good q uality brushes, combs and accessories for your child’s hair. Kids love having fun clips and hair ties. Avoid hairclips hat are sharp, as these can hurt the scalp and  cause hair damage. Keeping hair neatly tied back is a good way of avoiding hair tangling. TEETHCARE Teeth develop in a specific order and also the way they are looked after is important. A few facts for teeth are listed below: – Babies are born with teeth growing inside their gums – The average age when teeth start to show is 6 months -There are 20 teeth in the first set that appear, these are called the ‘milk teeth’ – Milk teeth show at the age of 2-3 years – From 5 years old and onwards milk teeth start to fall out -When children are 6 years old, permanent teeth start to come out – Larger teeth replace the milk teeth – Molars and incisors are the first permanent teeth to appear – Braces are sometimes needed to repair permanent teeth that are uneven. Chewing is good for the teeth however sweet sugary foods can cause decay. Encouraging every child to brush their teeth after each meal is vital. When the baby is born, he/she will already have 20 primary teeth, some which are fully developed in the jaw. Using a damp washcloth over the baby’s gums after feedings can prevent creating bad bacteria. Once the child has a few teeth showing, brushing them with a soft child’s toothbrush or rubbing them with clean gauze at the end of the day will help keep the teeth healthy if the routine is carried out daily. Babies can develop dental decay problems due to feeding habits not put into practice, for example putting a baby to sleep with a bottle in his or her mouth may be suitable in the short term however it can damage the baby’s teeth as the sugars from the juice or milk remain on a baby’s teeth for hours, they may eat away at the enamel building up a condition that is called ‘bottle mouth’. Signs of b ottle mouth are discoloured front teeth. This may lead to pulling out all the front teeth until the permanent teeth grow in. Times and a routine should be set to give children the bottle in order to help them prevent damage to their teeth. Children aged 1-3 should only use toothpaste if their cavity risk is high but then again the amount should be the size of a pea. Children who are aged 1-3 years with low cavity risk do not need to use toothpaste as a wet toothbrush is fine. From the ages 3-6, children again should use a pea size  amount of toothpaste which has to be applied by an adult. Children should be told and encouraged to spit out the excess after brushing their teeth. Bad TeethOutcome of Bad teeth Perfect teeth

Feminists Want Women to Be the Same as Men Essay - 1

Feminists Want Women to Be the Same as Men - Essay Example Feminists advocate for the rights of women as equal individuals in the society with men in the society and they support the equal treatment of all people within the society and in which case they are able to propagate the issues that promote the livelihood of all. In many instances, people have said that feminists have advocated for the gender equality in which men and women have to be treated in the same way regardless of the differences that exist between them. However, this caused a debate between in the people considering the fact that some people argue from the perspective of the modern feminists who advocate for gender equity rather than gender equality advanced by others (Kunin, 2012, p. 3-7). In this respect, the debate of whether feminists want women to be the same as men remain important and relevant among people who have knowledge about the perspectives of the feminists and the things they support. In the introduction of feminism in the society, the proponents had advanced the notion that there was unequal treatment between men and women who were expected to raise people to a level of worship. The inequalities that people pointed out did not favor women and therefore, they felt that there was a need to establish a system in which people who do similar jobs in an organization were to receive equal treatment in all aspects (Kunin, 2012, p. 12). This was aimed to improve the status of working in the society so that both women and men are able to benefit from what they do in the society and ensure that all effort is rewarded equally in the society. Feminists of the early times advanced the perspective that payments and other benefits that are guaranteed to one gender can be extended to other people regardless of the fact that they have differences. Feminism in its original form worked to establish gender neutrality between men and women so as to eliminate biases that existed in extending benefits to men and women who did similar jobs.

Nike's business level strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nike's business level strategy - Research Paper Example The age group of this segment are between 15 to 35 years old and Nike develops its brand towards this segment by investing heavily in its advertising campaign. It does so by forging agreements with iconic athletes such as Manny Pacquiao, Kobe Bryant etch who also serves as its spokesperson lending to the success of its first experiement with Michael Jordan with its Nike Air. Nike also supports popular teams due to to their reach and influence to their target market. To avoid dilution of its brand, Nike instead used its subsidiary in reaching other segments. For example, instead of venturing into premium dress and casual wear that would dilute the Nike brand, it instead used the brand Cole Haan to tap into that segment market. The same case applies to snoboarding, skating and surfing which Nike has a brand has not established itself. Instead, it used its subsidiary Hurley International to tap into that market. Umbro specializes in soccer equiptments, apparel and footwear which is surprisingly a Nike subsidiear. This subsidiaries which Nike uses allow it to have an additional 13% revenue in 2009 by tapping into this market segment. In sum, Nike was able to capitalize its brand by investing heavily in advertising and forging partnership with athletes and teams who has a tremendous influence in the age group (15-35) of their segment market. Nike became the leading brand in sports apparel due to the interplay of various functional units in its organization. It is obvious that it popular brand which is responsible for its marketing appeal to its target market is due to heavy investment in advertising which is a function of its marketing department. There are also other functional units that help drove Nike to be a highly innovative and competitive sports apparel company. Its sophisticated IT infrastructure and supply chain are able to effectively reach and deliver product to its target markets

Incidence of alcohol consumption Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Incidence of alcohol consumption - Research Paper Example Phase one. Before analyzing the general incident of alcohol consumption, it is of importance to analyze or define the community in the subject matter first. The community in question here is the New Jersey community. The specific population being assessed involves males from the teen age to adults. That is the most vulnerable population all over the world. Teens also have engaged in drinking habits even though the federal government for instance the America, prohibits this act. According to America, the legal drinking age should be persons who have attained 21 years and above, although the life dynamics have altered this criterion. Now, the above-mentioned population has pertinent role in the community. First, they are male, and so the notion of responsibility should be thought of whenever males are mentioned. In short, this population has the responsibility of protecting the community as a whole, either directly or indirectly. The boundaries of this group are the Pennslylvania, New York and Delaware. The community also borders the Atlantic Ocean. Moreover, the geographical boundary that separates this group from others is the administrative boundaries, which separates if from Delaware, New York and Pennclyvania as well as the Pacific Ocean. The group is located in America, and it is one of those communities that alcohol is an alarming factor, and that is why it is being assessed. It is pertinent also to note that non-governmental group will do the assessment in conjunction with the governmental officials. Phase two. This phase involves the data collection method described for the data generation and gathering. First, some of the data methods used to collect information ranges from the non-governmental organization all the way to manual and just individual data collection. Some of the bodies that will assist in the data collection are the American FactFinder, Epodunk, county, and state quick facts to mention but a few. At the same time, governmental agencies ga ve in their efforts just to ensure all the alcohol assessment procedure has gone through perfectly. They are the, national center for statistics, healthy people as well as centers for prevention and control of the disease. Data gathering The first method of data collection involved internet search. This was to investigate general information about the population. Through internet research, the following information were gathered: Ethnic population: Race Population Total population 6135 white 5623 Latino or Hispanic 302 Others 210 Median age Population groups; Under 15 years 17 % 15 to 24 years, = 20 % 25 to 44 years, = 21% 45 to 65 years, =28 % Over 65 years, = 14 % Income and alcoholics in New Jersey: Household=$ 31,550, and the percentage of the community below poverty level=10 %. Now having illustrated the above it is worth to note that the statistical data in percentage on those who are alcohol addict is as follows. Under 20 years 18.4 % 20 to 35 years, = 43 % 35 to 45 years, = 31% 45 years and above, =7.6 % (Moderation Management, 2008) Graphical representation; Almosty the same informartion has been obtained through manual intervew, and newspaper. That me ans that the internet is updated as oper the data iobtained in several fields by the researchers. After updating it in the newspaper, the same is taken and tabulated on the internet for educational purpose. With

Marketing Design And Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Design And Operations - Essay Example A right mix of marketing strategies is important to be implied for attaining successful results. One of the most important reasons for this addition is the rapid rise in the invention of new technology and its growing importance in all walks of life. The 4 P’s are four marketing activities, namely: Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. A right mix of these helps a company satisfy customers and achieve objectives. Originally there were 12 elements that had been deemed necessary parts of a marketing mix. They were then divided into two categories: things being offered (the product, services, packaging, brand name and the price), second were tools. In 1965 these twelve were grouped in such a way as to form 4 categories instead of twelve. They are considered as a key to a marketing manager’s success in keeping the customers happy. In 1980 two authors tried to fit the marketing mix to the services sector by adding three more Ps: people, process, and physical evidence. Simila rly, Kotler suggested the addition of political power along with public opinion. This way the mix has been changed and amended to tailor to the needs of the sector, the opinion of the marketing expert or a change in the social structure of the market.3. Purpose of a strategic marketing planning and problems arising with its poor implementationThe main purpose of a strategic marketing plan is to streamline all the various marketing activities into a well devised and proper plan of action.

Why NOT to Vote for Mitt Romney Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why NOT to Vote for Mitt Romney - Research Paper Example Earlier on during his career, he abstained to take any political positions, but with time as he indulged himself into politics, and it was in 1994 Senate race that he aligned himself with the Republican Party. He is also believed to have changed his position on issues like abortion and stem cell research, also his stance on gay rights etc to a more conservative shift, more so to align himself with the Party line. Considering his views on foreign policy, he is an advocate for the American Exceptionalism and is found to have Mormon beliefs in this regard, i.e. God has chosen him to carry the task, however, his political beliefs more so reflect the secular ideals of Mormon belief system. Considering his past record and performance in government as well as in business, there are many reasons why not to vote for Mitt Romney. His track record as a businessman reflects his take on the economy as a whole which may turn out to be disastrous for the U.S, also his fraudulent track records alone are proofs enough speaking for his character and charisma. More so, even the conservatives generally in favor of the Republicans are wary of Romney as their Presidential Candidacy for his inexperience and paradoxical track record as Governor. For instance, the health care plan posed by his as Governor is similar to the Obamacare one, also the conservatives doubt him for his credibility as he has been found shifting positions on issues like abortion, gun rights, his position over TARP etc. Moreover, on the political front too, his position doesn’t seem to be any stronger as he had already done bad in the primaries in South, also the Mormon factor might as well take him down. Thus, the paper aims at exploring all these perspectives in detail, shedding light on the issue of why not to vote for Romney. Firstly, the most crucial issue for America at this point of time is the economy of the state, and any prospective candidate for Presidency should have a strong vision in this reg ard to deal with the crises. However, Romney is a very weak candidate in this context, as he is known for his success rate for running Staples and Dominos, which were running on a huge loan and a low turn-out rate, with an even lower wage rate (Romney and Tomothy pp 43). America needs a visionary to steer the economy at the right pace, rather than someone who has the capability to deliver pizzas and that too, not having an exceptional turnout. Secondly, during his career as a businessman he often has had fraudulent records which he has been managing to deal with using unethical and illegal tactics, thus posing a question mark on his character as a representative for the people of America. Romney`s company Bian Capital has had charges of fraud, and though he was Vice President of the company, still he didn’t buy any shares for the company as he was already aware of the financial risks, thus he is a man who doesn’t even own what he does, owing a country however is even a riskier business. Moreover, he managed to escape the Olympics scandal by paying off huge cheques as donations to various parties involves in the process, thus being another evidence for his bad track record. Moreover, various reports when indicated that he also has a residence in Utah, he never denied the charges though pretended to be ignorant of the fact which clearly implies of his intentions to run office from here as well, which he had managed to do illegally as wouldn’t have been possible otherwise. Also, he is too inexperienced for holding office as a President; as he has often seen making controversial statements and treating government as a

Optional ethnicity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Optional ethnicity - Essay Example On the other hand, it is true that the non-whites are not capable of choosing their ethnicities, even if they adopted the most popular ethnic symbols of the White ethnicities. On the other hand, it is also true that the Whites choose their ethnicities based on the amount of negative consequences. Waters claims that in the United States, the White Americans have the opportunity to choose their ethnicities, unlike the other minority groups. White Americans can either choose to be plain ‘White’ or choose an ethnicity, with regard to their ancestry. Waters also focuses on symbolic ethnicity, which she associates with later-generations of most White Americans. In this type of ethnicity, the individuals involved do not experience any social cost. This is because of the symbolic identifications in the ethnic group, which attracts later-generations to identify with. For instance, some whites might identify with the Irish Americans only during the special occasions such as vacati ons, or family holidays (Waters 3). Waters also notes that the whites are not influenced by ethnicity, compared to the minority groups in the US (4). In addition, they are at liberty to either choose their ethnicity, from their genealogies or not choose any, unlike the minority groups, who have to identify themselves with their identity. Symbolic identity mainly occurs among the whites, when they identify themselves with different ethnicities by adopting the popular ethnic symbols of those ethnicities. For instance, celebrating St. Patrick’s Day in order to be associated with the Irish ethnicity, thus, signaling their Irish ethnicity. However, a non-white celebrating St. Patrick’s Day will not be regarded Irish, since these are not capable of optional ethnicities. Waters introduces another element of ethnicity, which is the ‘non-optional’ ethnicity. This is the opposite of optional ethnicity, and mainly affects the minority. Unlike optional ethnicity, whic h is chosen with a free will, non-optional ethnicity is imposed on individuals. Oppositional ethnicity also affects the minority groups in society. In this type of ethnicity, members of the minority groups will seek companionship among themselves, and sometimes distance themselves from the mainstream population. In this case, the minority group will want to maintain their identity, which could be influenced by their history, or their uniqueness, with regard to other factors. The remaining members mostly judge the people who abandon this kind of ethnicity in a negative way. Waters attributes this ethnicity to the blacks and the Latinos. She believes that, â€Å"the oppositional component of a black identity also explains how black people can question whether other black are acting black enough† (Waters 7). In this case, the blacks or any ethnic minority groups are expected to act according to the values of their group, which is different from those of the mainstream population , and any deviance by one member is questionable. In the article Notes of a Native Speaker, Erick Liu talks about his experiences that relate to his ethnicity, immigration, and race, during his childhood and teenage years. Although Liu was Chinese, after immigration, he became a Chinese-American. However, he was called ‘banana’ by other Asians, for emulating the values of White Americans. Liu experienced vast challenges adapting to life in America, especially with regard to culture. Even though he was a citizen of

The Role of Tragedy in Early Greek Legacy Essay Example for Free

The Role of Tragedy in Early Greek Legacy Essay Tragedies have been a big and important part of Greek culture and history. Greek tragedies are dramas performed before a large audience, usually during festivities of gods, that narrate the story of a hero and all the unusual challenges and sufferings that he has to go through in order to achieve something or learn an important lesson. Tragedies usually have complex plots wherein disasters happen one after the other and their resolutions reveal important lessons or realizations. These dramas have apparently started around the 5th century BCE, a pivotal time in Greek history that also marked a lot of their other contributions like democracy. Thespis, known as the father of drama, introduced the idea of one actor acting on stage that started the flourishing of tragic dramas (â€Å"Greek Tragic Drama†). Later on, three masters of tragedy emerged namely Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Many of the tragedies that have survived from their time were written by these men who made Greek tragedies a real part of literature. But tragedies are not merely stories popularized just to be performed before an audience. Tragedies serve as an important expression of culture and creativity of Greek society. They are well supported by the Greek society because tragedies serve as means of reminding the Greeks of the moral lessons values that their culture upholds and believes in. The arrival of tragedies was in Greece was a very significant timing in history because it was around the time when Greek culture gaining momentum and flourishing. The â€Å"great surge in creativity catalyzed the concept of the Greek tragedy† (Reed 1). It encouraged the creation of dramas with crucial themes by presenting them as one of the highlights of festivities. A tragedy usually â€Å"depicts the downfall of a noble hero or heroine, usually through some combination of hubris, fate, and the will of the gods† (â€Å"Tragedy: the Basics†). Heroes are great men and women but remains imperfect humans capable of doing good and committing mistakes. They are not totally good nor totally bad, but they are usually prominent or greater than other people around them. They are also packaged as people destined to experience big transformations in their lives. Tragedies became avenues for the creative minds of playwrights to let their imagination and talent out. In the Greek society, tragedies also function as â€Å"lessons in behavior† because of the way they incorporate moral teachings into the changes of the lives of the heroes (Reed 1). The trials, successes, failures, and losses that the heroes experience serve as effective teaching tools for the Greeks. Tragedies convey different realities and some of the most common themes they present are that â€Å"actions do not go unpunished, and the gods work in mysterious – an often ironic – ways† (Reed 2). Since the characters of tragedies are not always perfectly virtuous, they are given certain tasks that challenge and influence the actions they take in their lives. The twists in the plots also give constant reminder of the intertwined quality of human life and the power of the wills of the gods. Tragedies function as manifestations of the reality that life is never perfect for men. They also serve as reminders for Greeks of the different experiences that could possibly happen to a human person, giving them idea what path should one take and what should be avoided. Tragedies are very easy to appreciate despite having heavy themes because they deal with specific instances of life. They revolve around adventures in families, in battles, and in religion. Tragedies usually follow relationships of people with others and with their gods as guides for their plots. Divine presence in everything in this world is a very significant character of Greek culture and many tragedies highlight the importance of faith in ones daily life. Tragedies are very important to the Greek society because they give lessons about virtue and warnings how people should live their life morally by using immense disasters that complicate a heros life. It is not easy being a hero in a Greek tragedy although â€Å"the hero need not die at the end, but he or she must undergo a change in fortune† in order to understand and live out the the different virtues of the Greek society (â€Å"Tragedy: the Basics†). The goal of every tragedy is to make the audience see what may come out with good values and what are the probable tragic events for every mistake or wrong action. These are specific warnings or reminders about life, about the use of power, and about morality as a part of everyday life. â€Å"Greek tragedies speak volumes about the lives of those dwelling in this ancient society† (Reed 3). They are representations of what was the culture of Greece in its early years. Through their plots, their characters, and the ideals incorporated in their stories, tragedies are able to preserve the culture and beliefs that the Greeks have. Tragedies have a unique way of teaching and passing on knowledge to people through the presentations on the stage. The Greeks â€Å"responded so well to this approach because their core values are being addressed in a way that enables everyone to participate† (Reed 3). Performed art was very close to the hearts of this creative and rich nation. â€Å"Classic Greek drama was a community art, not a business venture† and the dramatists are regarded with high importance in their society (â€Å"Greek Tragic Drama†). Tragedies serve the effective purpose of educating people about examples of moral actions, cleansing of souls, and other related religious and virtuous beliefs. Another significance of these tragedies is that they bind the Greeks together as one society. Tragedies are affairs that serve as a â€Å"community gathering largely sponsored by the government†(Reed 1). Presentations usually take a form of contests and have emerged to become annual events in Ancient Greece. Large venues are allotted for them because â€Å"performance of tragedies fostered a sense of community amongst the Greek people†and every citizen in the society are expected to witness them. Therefore, performances of tragedies gather thousands of people together to performances that entertain and educate, effectively passing on of political and religious messages promoted in Greek culture. Although very entertaining and usually presented in festivals, tragedies were not intended only for entertainment purposes only for they also unit the Greeks as one community. â€Å"With so many individuals, ranging from prominent politicians to peasants, a tragedy was something all people could share† (Reed 3). In a theater where tragedies are performed, people from different classes, educated or not educated, men and women, are all given the chance to appreciate and witness the tragic dramas. And through these events, people learn more about the roles of their government, their communities, and their religion in their lives. Tragedies are considered very important and significant in Greek society. Indeed, they are capable of making people more responsible in their roles in their communities and more respectful of their gods. Greek tragedies are also expressions of devotion to their gods because they describe the important role that gods play in the lives of humans. Today, a lot of tragedies still prevails and recognized as some of the most important contributions of the Greek civilization to people. They were elaborately supported by the Greek society because of the benefits they were able to share in making their community educated, prosperous, and peaceful. Tragedies usually challenge ideas of too much pride, injustice, foolishness, and other human flaws. They encourage knowledge and moral living. Tragedies present frank and definite examples of what happen to people who question the powers of gods or the intentions of the government. Because of this, they are able to nurture a citizenship well aware of the purpose and significance of their culture. Works Cited â€Å"Greek Tragic Drama. † Memphis University School. n. d. Web. 20 July, 2010. Retrieved from http://faculty. musowls. org/Sheltont/Literature/HO(gtd). htm. Reed, Sloane. â€Å"The Critical Role Greek Tragedies Played in Greek Society. † Associated Content. com 13 Nov. 2008. Web. 20 July 2010. Retrieved from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/1180307/the_critical_role_greek_tragedies_played_pg3. html? cat=37. â€Å"Tragedy: the Basics. † Grand Valley State University. 2008. Web. 20 July 2010. Retrieved

Media In The Vietnam War

Media In The Vietnam War Throughout Americas history, the United States has won the majority of all of its major conflicts. Up until the Vietnam War, America was seen as invincible and unbeatable. At the time, television and personal audio recorders were becoming more mainstream. News by television was growing for the first time, people were turning to TV rather than the newspaper or radio to learn about current events.  [1]  The news was uncensored, and citizens, for the first time, were able to view the reality of war. Although the Vietnam War initially had the publics full support, uncensored anti-war news coverage on the newly developed commercial television influenced popular sources of entertainment, like music artists, which in turn led people to protest the war; the protests, combined with the major losses and defeats in the conflict, prompted the government to withdraw from Vietnam. The Vietnam War was a Cold War conflict that officially started on the first of November, 1955. President Lyndon B. Johnson took full advantage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which occurred in 1964; the resolution allowed the President to use conventional military power in south Asia without the approval of Congress. President Johnson used this incident as a reason to escalate troop levels in Vietnam, thus escalating the conflict.  [2]  The escalated conflict, which turned into a full-scale war, was fought between North Vietnam and its Communist allies and South Vietnam supported by anti-communist nations. The larger strategy at hand was the containment of communism. Started as a Russian revolution, the Soviets had started spreading Communism throughout the world. Although the war technically started in 1955, it wasnt until the early 1960s that US troop levels began to grow rapidly.  [3]  In 1968, the US launched the infamous Tet Offensive, an operation in which there were many casualties on both sides.  [4]  The Tet Offensive marked the period in which approval for the war started to rapidly decline which would later cause the U.S, five years later to start a peace process in which the US would eventually withdraw from Vietnam.  [5]  This peace processes ended two years later in 1975 with the capture of Saigon by North Vietnamese forces.  [6]   Although veterans sharing their experiences of war happened in any previous war, the Vietnam War was exposed much more through new technology such as television, and personal audio recorders. At the same time the Vietnam War was starting, citizens started switching where they would get their news information. A series of surveys conducted by the Roper Organization for the Television Information Office from 1964 until 1972 demonstrates the growing power of television; multiple answers allowed, respondents were asked from which medium they got most of their news, 58 percent said television; 56 percent, newspapers; 26 percent, radio; and 8 percent, magazines.  [7]  By 1972, 64 percent said television while the number of respondents who primarily relied on newspapers dropped to 50 percent.  [8]  TV was more attention-grabbing than newspapers and radio the visual element allowed user to feel as if they were in the middle of the intense battles and death. Additionally, intense vis uals helped explain the complex nature of war to Americans who might not understand the militarys technical language. Furthermore, anchors, who hosted the news programs quickly became famous in fact, Walter Croncrite, a major anchor at the time was often cited as the most trusted man in America.  [9]  This trust in the media led people to quickly believe their word as fact, clearly spreading the medias bias throughout Americas culture. When footage of the Tet Offensive started coming out in early 1968, the dominant view that the war was just was quickly flip-flopped. The media started showing more anti-war footage, with a focus on critics of the Johnson administration.  [10]  Most importantly, the footage of the My Lai massacre, where hundreds of Vietnamese were killed in cold blood by Americans, acted as a main example of why peace needed to be established.  [11]  Later on, the media focused on domestic anti-war movements, which further exemplified how the Vietnam War was unjust. Not only were Americans seeing the war in a new way, they were also seeing more casualties coming back from the front. All the way from the beginning of the war to the end, the casualty rates were rising at a constant rate. By 1968, there was an average of 1200 men who died per month in Vietnam.  [12]  Correlating with the increase in deaths at the front, more and more American soldiers were sent to Vietnam, and by 1968 over half a million troops were stationed there.  [13]  At the same time, naturally, the approval rating for then-President Lyndon B. Johnson plummeted to an all time low even as low as 35% during the Tet Offensive.  [14]  Because American approval for Johnson went steadily lower over time, it can be inferred that it was because of his actions during his time as president. Since there were so many casualties and little progress was being made in Vietnam, most people thought the war was unwinnable, which was later confirmed in 1968 by the top news anchor o f the time, Walter Cronkite.  [15]  This notion that the war was unwinnable furthered the American publics cause to end the war and bring the remaining soldiers home. This general feeling of an American demise in Vietnam eventually spread to popular entertainment and popular culture. Although the media generally spread the anti-war message, music artists picked up its caused and spread the message of peace to the younger generation. Artists such as Edwin Starr, Billy Joel and Bruce Springsteen were incredibly popular in the 1960s and early 1970s. Much of their work consisted of anti-Saigon lyrics which displayed the harsh realities of war, and explaining why our soldiers should come home. These songs and artists sparked the counter culture of the time generally knows as hippies. These peace loving people carried out the messages of these artists peace, love and respect; their main goal was the end the Vietnam War and to create peace.  [16]  This counter-culture spread rapidly, especially among young people. Because of its amazing popularity, the media covered most of youth rallies and protests, such as draft card burnings and Human-Be-Ins.  [17]  This excessive media attention spread the counter-culture even further, spreading its ideas across the Unite d States. Because more people were being aware of these acts of civil disobedience, more people were tempted to follow the crowd. As more people got caught up in the movement the number of people at the protests rose, from as little as 700 participants in 1964 to 500,000 total in 1967.  [18]  This primarily shows how an anti-war bias spread by the media found its way into popular culture, which then caused many citizens to protest the war. Even those who did not go out and protest, which was the majority of the country, regarded the Vietnam War as a mistake.  [19]   Throughout the 60s and early 70s time, American citizens were constantly fighting against American involvement in Vietnam. Hundreds of thousands of people demonstrated every year to bring American troops back home. The number of people demonstrating kept rising as the approval rating for the war lowered exponentially every year.  [20]  As more people started demonstrating, pop-culture heavyweights, such as boxer Muhammad Ali and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. publicly endorsed peace. Not only did this lead to an increase in media coverage of the issue, but it also lead those who were fans of those public figures to become active in the fight for peace in Vietnam. Civil disobedience was on the rise more than 16 million American citizens dodged the draft by the end of the Vietnam War.  [21]  Also, in 1967, a group of flower power hippies marched on the Pentagon where they were blocked by National Guard troops, and subsequently they put flowers in their gun barrels (Appendix A).  [22]  A photographer, Bernard Norman Boston took a photo of the incident, and it became the runner up for the Pulitzer Prize that year, further broadcasting the strength of the counter-culture movement in the United States. The more media converge there was, the more people decided to join the movement for peace. The media even had a profound effect on the soldiers stationed in Vietnam; some GIs decided to resist the commands of the US army. The army in Vietnam, according to Marine Colonel Robert D. Heinl Jr., a veteran combat commander with over 27 years experience in the Marines, and the author of Soldiers Of The Sea, was on the verge of collapse: By every conceivable indicator, our army that now remains in Vietnam is in a state approaching collapse, with individual units avoiding or having refused combat, murdering their officers and non commissioned officers, drug-ridden, and dispirited where not near mutinous. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Sedition, coupled with disaffection from within the ranks, and externally fomented with an audacity and intensity previously inconceivable, infest the Armed Services  [23]   Not only was the army mutinous, but there were also many fragging incidents that occurred on bases. Fragging, is where there is a bounty placed upon a commanding officer, and that man is to be murdered, and whoever does it gets a monetary reward. These bounties were placed in underground army newspapers which majority of the army read.  [24]  In the year of 1970 alone, there were 209 reported fraggings.  [25]  The people responsible for the fraggings mostly got away with it too, as the armys justice system was quite corrupt: The Armys Judge Advocate Generals Corps estimated that only 10% of fragging attempts resulted in anyone going to trial..  [26]  Although there were those who took action against their superiors, there were also those who ran away. By 1970, the U.S. Army had 65,643 deserters almost four infantry divisions worth of troops.  [27]  In 1966 the desertion rate was 14.7 per thousand, in 1968 it was 26.2 per thousand, and by 1970 it had risen to 52.3 per thousand; absence without leave was so common that by the height of the war one GI went AWOL every three minutes.  [28]  From January of 67 to January of 72 a total of 354,112 GIs left their posts without permission, and at the time of the signing of the peace accords 98,324 were still missing.  [29]  The army also resisted politically, releasing underground news papers to solders. By 1972 around 300 anti-war and anti-military newspapers, with titles like Harass the Brass, All Hands Abandon Ship and Star Spangled Bummer had been published by enlisted men.  [30]  Hundreds of GIs created these papers, but their influence was far wider with thousands more who helped distribute them, and tens of thousands of readers.  [31]  They were also those determined to stop the war based on the act of sabotage; in June of 1972 the USS Ranger was apparently disabled by sabotage, and it had to return to its home base for repairs.  [32]  A movement that embodied this ideology wa s SOS Stop Our Ship. They used petitions to try and get their superiors to ground naval operations.  [33]  Even the troops, who may have had a lack of media knowledge, knew the war was wrong, and they decided to do something about it. They did all of this not only because they were saving themselves from being killed unnecessarily, but also because they knew the war which they were fighting was either not worth the fight or it was unjust. The media was the most decisive factor that drove the United States to end the war. Indirectly, they caused the public to accept that the war was unwinnable and that it would keep taking up the time and resources of the U.S. By conveying their message to popular culture artists, the media was able to target a larger audience, which was also coincidentally more active group socially. These people led protests which were both seen and heard by the national government. The media instigated these protests, displaying primarily anti-war protests on the daily news. Not only was the war being lost overseas, a battle against the government was being fought at home to end the war. Because of the constant pressure from Americas citizens and the North Vietnamese Army, the U.S decided to withdraw from Vietnam, letting Saigon fall into enemy hands, but at the same time, sparing many American lives. Although the media may have ended up tarnishing the honor of the United States with its first major loss since its creation, it stopped a cycle that would have ended up killing more American soldiers. Without the media causing an end to the war in Vietnam, the US would have been in a much worse place than it is today. Word Count: 2101

Adam Smith Wealth Nations Wealt Of Nations Summary Economics Essay

Adam Smith Wealth Nations Wealt Of Nations Summary Economics Essay In the first sentence of Wealth of Nations, Smith explained his conception of the nature of the wealth of nations. In so doing, he separated his views from those of the mercantilists and physiocrats. The annual labour of every nation is the fund which originally supplies it with all the necessaries and conveniences of life which it annually consumes, and which consists always either in the immediate produce of that labour, or in what is purchased with that produce from other nations. In a number of places throughout Wealth of Nations, Smith berated the mercantilists for their concern with the accumulation of bullion and identification of bullion with the wealth of a nation. Smith believed, in fact, that most mercantilists were confused on this issue. For him, wealth was an annual flow of goods and services, not an accumulated fund of precious metals. He also revealed an understanding of a link between exports and imports, perceiving that a fundamental role of exports is to pay for imports. Furthermore, in his opening sentence he implied that the end purpose of economic activity is consumption, a position he developed more fully later in the book. This further distinguishes his economics from that of the mercantilists, who regarded production as an end in itself. Finally, in emphasizing labor as the source of the wealth of a nation, he differed from the physiocrats, who stressed land. Smith went on to suggest that the wealth of nations be measured in per capita terms. Today when it is said, for example, that England is wealthier than China, it is understood that the comparison is based not on the total output or income of the two countries but on the per capita income of the population. In essence, Smiths view has been carried forward to the present. In the same paragraph in which Smith stated that consumption is the sole end and purpose of all production, he rebuked the.mercantilists because in their system the interest of the consumer is almost constantly sacrificed to that of the producer and because they made production, and not consumption . .. the ultimate end and object of all industry and commerce. So much for the nature of the wealth of nations. The rest of Smiths book is concerned with the causes of the wealth of nations, directly or indirectlyà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬sometimes very indirectly. Book I deals with value theory, the division of labor, and the distribution of income; Book II with capital as a cause of the wealth of nations. Book III studies the economic history of several nations in order to illustrate the theories presented earlier. Book IV is a history of economic thought and practice that examines mercantilism and physiocracy. Book V covers what today would be called public finance. Causes of the Wealth of Nations Smith held that the wealth of a nation, what we today call the income of a nation, depends upon (1) the productivity of labor and (2) the proportion of laborers who are usefully or productively employed. Because he assumed that the economy will automatically achieve full employment of its resources, he examined only those forces that determine the capacity of the nation to produce goods and services. Productivity of labor. What determines the productivity of the labor force? In Book I, Smith stated that the productivity of labor depends upon the division of labor. It is an observed fact that specialization and division of labor increase the productivity of labor. This had been recognized long before the publication of Wealth of Nations, but no writer emphasized the principle as Smith did. In our modern economyà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬even in the academic worldà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬division of labor is widely practiced, with notable influence on productivity. Smith illustrated the advantages of specialization and division of labor by borrowing from past literature an example that measured output per worker in a factory producing straight pins. When each worker performs every operation required to produce a pin, output per worker is very low; but if the production process is divided into a number of separate operations, with each worker specializing in one of these operations, a large incre ase in output per worker occurs. In Smiths example, when the process is divided into eighteen distinct operations, output per worker increases from twenty pins per day to forty-eight hundred. It is interesting that although Smith recognized the economic benefits of specialization and division of labor, he also perceived some serious social costs. One social disadvantage of the division of labor is that workers are given repetitious tasks that soon become monotonous. Human beings become machines tied to a production process and are dehumanized by the simple, repetitive, boring tasks they perform. But Smith had no doubt that human welfare is, on balance, increased by the division of labor. The division of labor, in turn, depends upon what Smith called the extent of the market and the accumulation of capital. The larger the market, the greater the volume that can be sold and the greater the opportunity for division of labor. A limited market, on the other hand, permits only limited division of labor. The division of labor is limited by the accumulation of capital because the production process is time-consuming: there is a time lag between the beginning of production and the final sale of the finished product. In a simple economy in which each household produces all of its own consumption needs and the division of labor is slight, very little capital is required to maintain (feed, clothe, house) the laborers during the production process. As the division of labor is increased, laborers no longer produce goods for their own consumption, and a stock of consumer goods must exist to maintain the laborers during the time-consuming production process. This stock of goods comes from saving and is, in this context, what Smith called capital. A major function of the capitalist is to provide the means for bridging the gap between the time when production begins and the time when the final product is sold. Thus, the extent to which production processes requiring division of labor may be used is limited by the amount of capital accumulation available. Smith therefore concluded: As the accumulation of stock must, in the nature of things, be previous to the division of labour, so labour can be more and more subdivided in proportion only as stock is previously more and more accumulated. Productive and unproductive labor. The accumulation of capital, according to Smith, also determines the ratio between the number of laborers who are productively employed and those who are not so employed. Smiths attempt to distinguish between productive and unproductive labor became confused and reflected normative or value judgments on his part. However, it manifests an awareness of the problem of economic growth. Labor employed in producing a vendible commodity is productive labor, Smith held, whereas labor employed in producing a service is unproductive. As an advocate of the changing social and economic order, he postulated that the activities of the capitalists, which resulted in an increased output of real goods, were beneficial to economic growth and development, whereas the expenditures of the landowners for servants and other intangible goods were wasteful. A man grows rich by employing a multitude of manufacturers: he grows poor by maintaining a multitude of menial servant s.10 According to Smith, what is true of the individual is true for the nation; thus, for the economy as a whole, the larger the share of the labor force involved in producing tangible real goods, the greater the wealth of the nation. Capital is required to support the productive labor force; therefore, the greater the capital accumulation, the larger the proportion of the total labor force involved in productive labor. Capitals are increased by parsimony, and diminished by prodigality and misconduct. This distinction between productive and unproductive labor also affected Smiths view of the role of the government in the economy. Just as the expenditures of the landowning class for servants and other forms of unproductive labor are detrimental to economic development, so is some part of government expenditures. The sovereign, for example, with all the officers both of justice and war who serve under him, the whole army and navy, are unproductive labourers.12 Smith insisted that the highest rates of economic growth would be achieved by distributing large incomes to the capitalists, who save and invest, and low incomes to the landlords, who spend for menial servants and who leave nothing behind them in return for their consumption.13 Furthermore, because economic growth is inhibited by government spending for unproductive labor, it is better to have less government and, consequently, lower taxes on the capitalists so that they may accumulate more capital.

Chimpanzee Essay -- essays research papers

Chimpanzee The acts of cannibalism and infanticide are very apparent in the behavior of the chimpanzee. Many African studies show that wild chimpanzees kill and eat infants of their own species. (Goodall, 1986:151) Although there is not a clear answer why chimps engage in this very violent and sometimes gruesome behavior there are many ideas and suggestions. This essay will deal with chimpanzee aggression, cannibalism and infanticide. This paper will present information on major research studies performed in Africa and analyze how and why this strange behavior occurs in a commonly thought peaceful primate. Wild chimpanzees(Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) are known to kill and eat mammals in various parts of Africa. Monkeys were recorded to be consumed in the Gombe National Park, the Kasakati Basin, and the Budongo Forest. Moreover, there is new evidence that chimpanzees near the Ugalla River of western Tanzania also consume mammals.(Riss, 1990:167) Cannibalism has also been recorded both in the Budongo Forest, Mahale Mountains and the Gombe National Park. In Jane Goodall's, May 1979 article in the National Geographic called "Life and Death at Gombe" it reveals the first time that chimpanzees who were always perceived to be playful, gentle monkeys, could suddenly become dangerous killers. "I knew that some of our chimpanzees, so gentle for the most part, could on occasion become savage killers, ruthless cannibals, and that they had their own form of primitive warfare."(Goodall, 1979:594) To try and explain this ruthless behavior it is necessary to first analyze their social upbringing and unique lifestyle. The Chimpanzee society is clearly a male dominated aggressive social unit. Males are larger than females, they are more openly aggressive, and they fight more often. (Holloway, 1974:261) These fights can look extremely fierce and the victim screams loudly. But it is rare for a fight between community members to last longer than quarter of a minute, and it is even more unusual for such a fight to result in serious injury.(Goodall, 1992:7) Many fights break out suddenly. Afterwards the loser of the fight, even though clearly fearful of the aggressor, will alm... ...s been no evidence revealing why chimpanzees act and behave in this cannibalistic fashion. There are many theories and ideas but like the theory of evolution there is no one clear answer. Being the closest living relative to the human being, chimpanzees exhibit complicated and intricate behavior due to their advanced brains.(Zuckerman, 1932:171) This paper has revealed that chimpanzees are creatures of great extremes: aggressive one moment, peaceful the next. This gruesome violent behavior can actually be linked to a similarity with human beings. It is widely accepted in the scientific community that chimpanzees are the closest human relatives we have. If we are indeed superior to these primates, does it not stand to reason that humans should be able to learn from this violence and avoid it? Jane Goodall, in her article labeled, "Life and Death at Gombe" draws a similar conclusion: It is sobering that our new awareness of chimpanzee violence compels us to acknowledge that these ape cousins of ours are even more similar to humans than we thought before.

Marketing Is Marketing :: essays research papers

Introduction: â€Å"Marketing is marketing, irrespective of the product or marketplace†. This is a theme common to many introductory marketing texts and degree courses. The two most common exceptions cited to this proposition are buying behavior models between consumers and business buyers and the extended ingredients of the services marketing mix. While the overall sentiments of marketing hold true across product and market boundaries, perhaps the differences are in fact more marked? Intends to spark some discussion pertaining to the extent to which marketers can safely generalize when discussing the nature and characteristics of marketing. Are we correct in offering students and in-company training program generalizations that cut across the marketing domain? Are we doing justice to the core nuances if we simply draw out the variations between consumer goods, services, industrial and business-to-business marketing? Is there a different perspective that should, in the new millennium, be th e focus of textbooks and marketing courses? Content Indicators: readability, Practice implications, originality, Research Implications* Marketing is marketing, irrespective of the product or marketplace. This is a theme common to many introductory marketing texts and courses. The two most common exceptions cited to this proposition are buying behavior models between consumers and business buyers and the extended ingredients of the services marketing mix (cf. Dibb et al., 1997; Kotler, 1998). While the overall sentiments of marketing hold true across product and market boundaries, perhaps the differences are in fact more marked? The marketers of services were the first to â€Å"speak out†, arguing that the nature of marketing is different owing to the basic characteristics of services:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  intangibility;  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  direct organization-client relationship;  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  consumer participation in the production process; and  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Complexity. The upshot for services marketers has been the extension of the marketing mix from the classical product, price, place (channel) and promotion â€Å"4Ps† to include at least people, physical evidence (ambience) and process. These marketers also point to the characteristics of services, notably intangibility of the service â€Å"product†, restricting opportunities for creating a differential advantage over competitors, with the inevitable dependence for differentiation and competitive edge on branding initiatives and personnel. While services marketers have outlined significant differences for â€Å"their marketing†, on the whole, texts and marketers have argued there are relatively only minor differences between the marketing of consumer goods and industrial or business-to-business goods. This paper is intended to spark some discussion pertaining to the extent to which marketers can safely generalize when discussing the nature and characteristics of industrial, business-to-business marketing.

Drug and Crime Prevention Essay

The purpose of the Final Project is for you to demonstrate your understanding of crime prevention programs and the role crime prevention plays in the overall criminal justice system. You may select a crime prevention program that addresses law enforcement, the courts, or corrections; or it may be a comprehensive program that addresses all three. The program may address the adult justice system, juvenile justice systems, or both. For the purposes of this assignment assume, you are preparing a proposal to a city, county, or state governmental body to recommend the implementation of a crime prevention program within their jurisdiction. You need to demonstrate the value of the crime prevention program and its effectiveness in reducing crime thus reducing the overall costs to the jurisdiction or building value that improves the effectiveness of crime prevention to the community justifying the additional expenditures. Your proposal will include: 1. A summary of the jurisdiction (i.e., city, county, or state) and the portion of the criminal justice System your proposal is designed to address. 2. An analysis of the current trends from three comparable cities in population size, utilizing the SARA Model and the Crime Analysis Triangle. (Note: Crime Analysis for Problem Solvers in 60 Small Steps , Steps 7 and 8). You will compare the data from three comparable jurisdictions and compare it to national data. 3. A determination of the appropriate crime prevention strategy for the jurisdiction based on this analysis. 4. A review of academic literature and studies on the various crime prevention programs to address the needs of the community. How does the crime prevention program address social justice issues†¦ To download this material Click this link – https://bitly.com/1wyPezy There is no one to clean up after you and cook healthy meals at college. Some indulgences are okay, but still maintain a nutritious diet, get proper sleep, and take care of yourself and your possessions. Take care of yourself well, study appropriately, attend all your classes and follow a regular schedule. You can get ill from being too stressed or not eating healthy enough.

Health Problems as a Result of Environmental Crisis Essay

Given that I work in an Emergency Department, the usual encounters we have involves health problems. However, in the past months and last year, people that we encounter are those of with fever and flu. Some diseases were also frequent. Diseases that arouse were usually an effect of a downfall in body’s immune system. This has happened when the extreme changes in environmental climate took place. As a result of the fast growing effects of global warming, the weather has extreme changes within a day. The extreme cold and hot weather that occurs in twenty-four hours has a bad effect on body temperature. The tremendous  Ã‚   changes weaken the body since the type of climate that occurs does not match the survival qualifications of human. In order to be involved in this issue, I suggest that the Emergency Department lead a program awareness to fight global warming, deal with its effects, and how to be healthy during the experience of its effects. On the other hand, I can be of help to if I encourage friends and families to practice activities or home choirs that will help lessen climate change. Like, use products with Energy Star seal, this is product lessen greenhouse effect and air pollution. Also, saving energy thru maintenance and cleaning of heating and cooling equipments used in our homes. I can also save energy by using green power, where the energy is from the sun and the wind. Frugality not just in money can help deal with climate change. For example, recycling materials we use at home   and buying new stuff as a product of recycling. Another way to conserve energy is by taking public transportation in routinely going to work or school. Or maintaining the efficiency of your car so it will not emit high amounts of greenhouse emissions. In offices, power management features should be discussed with the employees especially those workers who operate machineries. With this adjustments in our daily lives, we can help fight climate change and also save the world. Reference Climate Change – What You Can Do. January 28, 2008 retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/office.html   

Gay Marriage Persuasive Essay

When taken at face value, many Americans would not think that forbidding gay couples to marry affects them. What many fail to recognize is that these kinds of discriminatory laws reach out and touch every life in this country. For a nation to intentionally and blatantly tell one group of people that they are not entitled to the same rights and protections as other groups of people sheds a dark shadow on the rest of the nation. If the government can interfere so wholeheartedly into the lives of those it is supposed to serve, then none of us are safe.Very few people actually understand why gay marriage is an issue. The overwhelming trends of â€Å"changing values†, abandoning religion, and the adaptation of new lifestyles have brought this issue to the forefront. So, if everyone is so against gay â€Å"marriage†, the nation needs to extend the rights of marriage to gays, even if it means that it needs to be done under a different title. The Legislative Branch is responsib le for making the laws which govern the country. It is never possible to please all of the people, but fairness is always an option.While the traditionalists and religious majority are claiming that â€Å"Marriage is a holy union between a man and a women with vows taken before god† (â€Å"Same Sex Marriage? â€Å"); the government needs to find a position somewhere in the middle of protecting the traditional marriage, and allowing for equal rights and protections for all of its citizens. When the government stepped in and became a part of â€Å"marriage†, they essentially needed to remove the religious aspects of it in order to adhere to the long standing policy of â€Å"separation of church and state†.This was never done, and because it was never a problem, it has remained a government/religious union that many felt the need to protect because of the religious attachments. Well, it is a problem now. There are hundreds of thousands of American citizens being denied rights and protections because while they are a strong and powerful part of our population, they are still heavily outnumbered by the religious majority seeking to protect the institution of marriage.To see what must be done by the legislature to right the wrongs done by anti-gay legislation, one must understand the history of this battle and the causes for the recent influx of gay marriage supporters. This battle has been raging since the 1970’s when gay individuals first started questioning why they were not allowed to get married. At that time, most reasoned that they (gays) would just go away, that they were just looking to have the wedding, but cared little about actually being married.No one could have guessed that forty years later, the â€Å"gay† population would be doubled in size, the American idea of the â€Å"traditional family† would be drastically changed, the religious majority would be experience a major power shift, and that our supreme c ourt would be hearing these cases on a regular basis. If one were to ask the opponents of gay marriage how we got to where we are today, they would likely respond with some kind of comment regarding the demise of the traditional family, or how integrative teaching has changed the expectations of marriage (Sharp 71).Those with a more liberal view may state that, throughout the years, science has opened the eyes of many to be more understanding of homosexuality and may therefore link it to a better tolerance for progressive ideas towards gay marriage (Bornman 30-33). The increase in the size of the â€Å"gay community† has made this an issue that must be addressed. In the 1970’s when the gay marriage debate began, it was fueled mainly by gay males, and lesbian females only. Since then, the â€Å"gay community† has increased to include gay men, lesbian women, bisexual men and women, and the transgendered community.The additions of these groups to the supporters of gay marriage, has called for a numbers increase of great magnitude. An example of this increase can be shown based on statistical data (still widely viewed as an estimate only) obtained by the Williams Institute at the UCLA school of law; in 2011 there 9 million (3. 5% of the population) that identify as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transgender. When this number is broken down, it is reported that only 1. 7% of this 3. 5% are identified as gay men or lesbian women (Gates 1). That is less than half of the people.This increase has led to stronger lobbying and more strength in numbers. The legislature cannot simply ignore the needs and wants of 3. 5% of the American population. Another significant cause of this increase in support for gay marriage can only be described in â€Å"the changing times†. (Sharp 71) History has shown that conservative attitudes have changed dramatically throughout the years. Just looking at the basic ways of life for example can attest to the change in a ttitudes. In the 1950’s life was centered around the family.The wife stayed home, cooked, cleaned, and tended to the children. There were various images of the â€Å"perfect housewife† plastered all over the media- a smiling perfectly kept woman waiting at the door wearing an apron and holding a steaming hot turkey on a platter all while kissing her husband as he walks through the door from a hard day’s work. That was the image of the family that was portrayed and lived. Divorce was rare and those leading any lifestyle other than the mainstream norm, were frowned upon and shunned from communities. Obviously this is not the picture of life today.More mothers are working outside of the home. The term â€Å"latchkey kids† is now the norm. Divorce rates are at an all-time high, with single mothers never having been married to their children’s fathers being considered normal. Obviously the American opinion of family and normal has changed, thus changing the opinions of who can be a normal family as well. A very concerning concept is that a vast majority of the groups that are fighting to keep the ban on gay marriage, are traditionalists and religious based groups. (â€Å"Same Sex Marriage?†)As a country founded to escape religious persecution, it is highly concerning that in 2011, the opinions of the religious majority are still governing our nation. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the percentage of the population identifying as â€Å"Christian, Catholic, Baptist, or Protestant† (the four largest religious groups in the nation) has declined from 86% in 1990, to 76% in 2008 (U. S. Census 2011 61). In addition to this, the percentages identifying as â€Å"No religion, Atheist, or Agnostic† increased from 8% in 1990, to 15% in 2008 (U. S. Census 2011 61).It can be speculated that based on the above mentioned â€Å"rule by the religious majority†, that the decline in religious individuals in America, coupled with the rise of those claiming to carry no religious beliefs, has helped the trend of supporters for gay marriage increase. An important fact that needs to be established is that gay marriage is not illegal. Each individual state has the right to create laws to govern their people. Throughout the years as couples attempted to secure marriage licenses that would recognize their same sex partnerships, states began passing statutes that define marriage as a union between man and woman.Some states determined long ago that it was wrong to discriminate and therefore, they should allow gays to be married. (â€Å"National Conference of State Legislatures†) Other states have given the title â€Å"domestic partnership† or â€Å"civil union† to the union between same sex couples. This will allow them to be placed on the same insurance policies and even in some cases file state taxes together, but little other benefits are afforded to these types of unions, and the big question is â€Å"why are these unions allowed but only under a different title? †. This calls to question the obvious. Why are the gays fighting for marriage?Some states recognize it, so they can just go there and get married (or participate in a civil union ceremony) then go home to their states and live their lives. It makes sense in theory but the big problem is that while these states have taken the steps to allow equal protections to all of their citizens, the federal government refuses to recognize these marriages- essentially rendering them invalid. It is because of this, that the solution must lie in the hands of the Federal Government, if they do not make the change, then any change made will be insignificant and superficial at best.In 1993 the Hawaiian Supreme Court ruled that denying marriage to same sex couples was unconstitutional. Uproar spread throughout the country as fear grew that this ruling would open the floodgates allowing gay marriage to be legal everywhere. As a precautionary move, in 1996 President Bill Clinton signed the Defense of Marriage Act into legislation. This put a federal ban on gay marriage, and is really where the battle begins. (â€Å"National Conference of State Legislatures†) In 2009 at the 111th congress, a bill was entered as a proposal to repeal the Defense of Marriage Act.This act was called the Respect for Marriage Act. After some bureaucratic push and pull, in March 2011, this act was signed into legislation- officially ending the government’s long standing ban on state recognized same sex marriage. (â€Å"National Conference of State Legislatures†) While this act does not directly legalize or recognize gay marriage at the federal level, it does take away the only standing legal defense that federal courts were able to use in the many cases waged to allow gay couples to have the same rights as heterosexual couples.It is a move in the right direction for lawmakers to finally end the decades long discrimination of gay individuals and couples. While the apparent causes for the influx in gay marriage support is obvious, those not involved in the battle should understand why it is an issue that needs to be solved. Marriage is not only a union made between two people, but it comes with several rights and â€Å"rewards† that are afforded only to married couples. There is the obvious tax break that is available to those filing â€Å"Married† on their federal income tax returns.The amount of money varies greatly depending on income, but it is a financial break nonetheless. There is also the issue of insurance, both health and life. While most states allow those in â€Å"domestic partnerships† to be placed on each other’s insurance, this is not guaranteed by all states and in all circumstances. This means that a gay couple cannot be on each other’s insurance. There are also issues of parenting and adoption. Each state has a different variety of laws, though some do not allow those not married to become adoptive parents.A very large and concerning issue is that of Social Security Survivor Benefits. If a man or woman works all of their lives and pays into the Social Security system and then dies, the money is left to no one because the Federal Government refuses to accept the legal marriages performed in individual states. (â€Å"Center For American Progress†) According to the Center for American Progress, there is a total of â€Å"1,138 federal statutory provisions classified to the United States Code in which marital status is a factor in determining or receiving benefits, rights, and privileges.† (â€Å"Center For American Progress†)That is a total of 1,138 rights and benefits that require a legal marriage to be considered; which is also a total of 1,138 rights and benefits currently being denied to American citizens. The effects are obviously endless, and the solution should be obvious. To properly come up with a solution to this problem, the government must look at the opinions of the majority, coupled with the rights of the minority and find a happy medium.If the government removed all ties to the term â€Å"marriage†, it would then be enabling the religious majority to continue protecting the â€Å"holy union† they so desperately feel the need to protect. This solution would require very little funding, or extreme measures, rather would just take some tricky new wording of the laws to cast a new shadow of fairness upon the nation. This idea makes plenty of sense when you break it down. In order for any man and women to legally be married, they must go to the clerk of court for their locality, and obtain a marriage license.This marriage license is a legal document signed by an employee of a government agency, therefore making marriage a government institution instead of a religious one. There is no currently no requirement that makes it mandatory to g et married in a church, or by a member of a church, which goes to reason that a couple can be married without their union being religious. So the government must then decide, do we strip the traditionalists and religious groups of their â€Å"holy union† and create an uproar which will no doubt further clog the courts with cases seeking a repeal?Or should we remove our ties to this union and create our own union that is available to all citizens and would therefore afford them all of the protections and benefits of being â€Å"married†. When it is put this way, the answer is obvious. The federal government can rearrange the terminology of the laws in place today and replace all of the use of the term â€Å"marriage† with a new term. It could be â€Å"civil union† for example. This would, in turn, allow all men and women in the United States to enter into this type of union, and be protected by all laws that â€Å"marriage† currently affords to thos e married.The traditionalists and religious individuals that want to desperately protect the â€Å"sanctity of marriage† can still do so without having any infringement on their religious beliefs. They can still participate in marriage ceremonies but instead of picking up a â€Å"marriage license† they would need to also obtain a â€Å"civil union license† in order to have their marriage protected by the government. While this idea may put most of the opposition at bay by allowing them to keep their â€Å"marriage†, others who were not previously opposed to gay marriage might consider it too much of a change.For a country that has been â€Å"getting married† for hundreds of years, it is unreasonable to expect all of the people to suddenly change their way of thinking. To start having â€Å"civil union planners† instead of â€Å"wedding planners†, for example, is just asking too much of the people. The government must then ask the peop le, â€Å"is asking the American people to change their normal ways of thinking to allow for their fellow men and women to be treated fairly under the law really asking too much? † When it is a matter of something being too hard, or too much change; individual rights and freedoms should always come first.Our constitution was drafted in such a way to allow for future leaders to change or amend it as the changing needs of the nation are being met. There was a time when women were not allowed to vote. It had to be a big change for the people to suddenly change everything into such a way that would allow women to vote. There were times when whites were allowed to keep segregated from blacks and to deny blacks the use of public institutions. Laws were written to change these practices as well. People fought and died over the implementation of this new legislation, but it was put in place nonetheless.The government has asked a lot more of the people in regards to changing popular w ays of thinking, and all was done in the name of equality. In 2011 this should be an easy task to accomplish. As stated earlier in this essay, times have changed, views are more liberal. Yes it will be an adjustment, but it will be one that will benefit all people eventually. The ideas as to why gay marriage has now become an issue in the forefront of American politics are endless. The effects of the constant denial of rights to American citizen are obvious and in devastating numbers.There is a plausible solution to the problem that will protect not only the wants, but the needs of several different groups of citizens. The resolution of those against it is so strong, as is that of those that carry favorable beliefs. The government has taken steps- both large and small to afford more protections to more people, but it hasn’t been enough. There needs to be new laws written, ones that can allow for all people to feel as though they are American and deserve American freedom. Stud ies have been done, research compiled, statistics published, and only one answer has been derived. Gay marriage is an issue, and it will not go away.