Scholarly Article Free Essays

Yak’s Mason Scholarly Article Assignment In â€Å"Crime, Guilt, and Subjectivity in Film Nor, Winfred Flock argues that Film Noir â€Å"opens our eyes to the ‘true’ state of American society† 1 by not masking true human emotion in a situation where survival is not certain. He implies that it shows the protagonist struggle with desire and selfishness in a light that had not been shown before in American cinema and is the root of why Film Noir transcends time and remains a popular genre. He adds that the popularity of genre is rooted partly due to the fact that it is the antithesis of the films mainstream Hollywood was putting out at the time; the sunny and cheery tones were in stark contrast with Film Noirs â€Å"dark† and â€Å"atmospheric†2 overtones. We will write a custom essay sample on Scholarly Article or any similar topic only for you Order Now I agree with Flock but would add that the success and everlasting nature of Film Noir is also due to the fact that it allows the viewer to personify with a protagonist that has faults and shortcomings just like themselves and hat the selfishness the protagonist exhumes in times of scrutiny is relatable to the audience in opposed to the typical morally perfect hero of the time. I would add that Film Noir paved the way for TV and Holly. Wood’s current obsession of providing a anti-hero who is morally flawed selfish in shows such as Breaking Bad, House of Cards, and movies such as Wolf of Wall Street. Overall, Film Noir remains popular and has a lasting appeal largely due to the depths and nuances of the main protagonist, as well as the difference teens the atmospheric tones against the cheery light-heartiness of conventional Holly. DOD. It is also necessary to observe how Film Noir paved the way for the medium and story telling as a whole for later generations. How to cite Scholarly Article, Papers

Power management and organization science - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about Power management and organization science. Answer: Introduction Change management is one of the most important managerial forms in the modern world. Every organisation undergoes changes in order meet the present requirements in the market. However, on certain occasions, it is seen that employees due to various reasons resist changes in an organisation (Fleming Spicer, 2014). The essay highlights these reasons and provides a comprehensive detail about the problems faced by managers due to the resistance. The relationship between power and resistance is also stated and the ethical considerations that are required for power and resistance to exist are highlighted. Furthermore, assessment is made that highlights the implications of manager as well as resistance positions. Identifying and examining reasons for employees resisting change Most employees tend to resist changes because they feel that changes may have an adverse effect on their work. Hence, it is necessary for every manager to identify the reasons for resisting change. One of the most common reasons for resisting change is the loss of jobs (Bolman Deal, 2017). Changes in an organisation normally include the method and process used for working. For example, in the modern era, organisations tend to rely more on technologies that can help in reducing the efforts of labour. Hence, employees fear a loss of a job as machines can help in finishing a job quickly and efficiently (Noer, 2017). This causes resistance among employees, as they do not want to give up the role that they play. Another reason for the resistance of change includes the loss of control and competency. This mainly occurs, as most employees are adapted to working using one method. Hence, change in method or process can lead employees to change their style of working. This often leads to loss of control, as the new method needs adjustment and training. Consequently, such loss of control leads to falling in the competency of the employees. This, in turn, gives rise to loss of productivity in an organisation (Davies, 2017). Hence, this can be considered as another important factor that leads employees to resist changes in an organisation. Working in the comfort zone is always beneficial for the employees seeking longevity in their career. Another most important reason for the resistance to change is the fear of facing the unknown. Changes normally bring about a great deal of unpredictability in an organisation. Employees feel that the past manner of work was more secure than the present. The fear of facing the unpredictability often leads employees to leave the organisation and seek for work. Hence, it is important for managers to ensure that changes in an organisation are made subtly. The lesser the knowledge of the employees about the impact of changes the better it is for organisations (Pugh, 2016). In this regard, the reason for the managers to consider resistance to change as a problem can be undertaken. Managers often believe that changes need to be made keeping in mind the success and growth of an organisation. In order to make changes, managers often invest sufficient finance so that the growth rate of the organisations can be maintained (Craig, Nevin, Odum, 2014). Resistance leads loss of finance as some employees tend to leave while others try to prevent the changes from being a success. Hence, managers consider the resistance to be a problem in every fold of an organisation. Keeping this in mind the power of the employees and resistance offered by them can be examined. Examining the relationship between power and resistance Power is considered as an ability of an individual or a group to influence people to undertake challenges (Anderson Brion, 2014). Such ability can be attributed to leadership, as the leaders also need to influence the employees in taking up challenging tasks and roles. Hence, it can be said that providing an individual with power require certain characteristics. These include the ability to communicate, interact and influence people. Power can be broad of three types such as legitimate power, coercive power and group power. The exercising of power includes treating people differently depending on the situation at hand (Kuipers, et al., 2014). For example, it has been seen that legitimate power allows people to obey the orders of the superiors. Such behaviours stem from the social norms practised by the people. Resistance, on the other hand, refers to a structural and systematic human barrier that is set up to prevent changes from both internal as well as external sources. Many people wanting to change things in the workplace can consider this as a negative influence (Hon, Bloom, Crant, 2014). Certain models such as the psychological model are used to understand the emotions that occur in a human being while resisting changes. The reaction of the people towards change leads to the rise of the resistance. Most of the times this occurs due to various fear elements. However, in the case of changes forced upon externally, the employees involved in the resistance display their loyalty to their company. It can be said that the relationship between power and resistance can be attributed to the fact that both require leadership qualities of individuals. In order to form a resistance, it is necessary for one person to lead a group. This symbolises the ability to influence people on the possible negative effects of change (Cameron Green, 2015). However, unlike legitimate power, the leader does not have to be a senior member of an organisation. It has been seen that experience and proper insights of a particular situation can help an individual to become a leader. However, certain ethical issues need to be considered in influencing power and resistance. Identifying the key ethical issues associated with power and resistance Change is necessary in order to ensure that the resource allocation, methods and techniques of work improve. With the resistance of employees being an inevitable result, it is needed for a change agent to challenge the status quo (Doppelt, 2017). However, like any other managerial activity, ethical issues need to be considered by the people with power and the resistant members. These ethical issues can help an organisation to deal with the changes and its resistance subtly and ensure that knowledge is acquired with the change. One such ethical issue that can be identified deals with the involvement of external change agents. Manipulation of data is one such ethical conduct that needs to be taken care of by managers of an organisation. Often it is seen that the hiring of external change agent warrants changes in an organisation by examining the policies put forward by the executive managers. If the managers find discrepancies in the report presented to the external change agents, manipulation may take place (Hayes, 2014). This can cause cessation of changes in an organisation. On the other hand, it may lead to initiate changes in an organisation as well. Hence, manipulation of important data and information is an important ethical consideration for the managers. The engagement of employees can help in deciding about the changes to be implemented. Managers need to ensure that a proper ethical framework is used for identifying the ethics involved. This involves the consequential framework, duty framework and virtue framework. Every framework has their limits and to use the framework effectively it is necessary that a systematic approach be developed. This systematic approach takes into consideration the three levels involved in the framework. The basic stage for the application of this approach is recognising the ethical issue (Klonek, Lehmann-Willenbrock, Kauffeld, 2014). In the case mentioned above, the ethical issue that can be considered includes the manipulation of data. Hence, it is necessary to identify the concerned parties and gather all information relating to the rise of the issue. Hence, in order to avoid the violation of the ethical codes, managers need to plot an alternative course of action. In this case, the alternative course of action can be to provide true data so that the changes can take place. It needs to be the duty of the managers to ensure that power is provided to the right individual capable of influencing change in the organisation. This can be considered as the next stage in the framework as decisions are made to consider the plan (Hornstein, 2015). Implementation and reflection of the outcomes are done in order to find out other courses of action. Such actions can help in the future activities of the organisation and allow the members to remain ethical while imposing power and forming a resistance. Assessing the implications of the managerial and resistant positions for effective change management To ensure that effective change is maintained it is necessary for an organisation to set up positions at the managerial as well as resistant positions. These positions are important as they can direct the management about the implementation of the change process in the organisations. It is the duty of the managers to ensure that every change that is foreseen is implemented so that the employees can be more efficient (Jones Ven, 2014). However, the managers also need to be sure that the changes are implemented slowly. The position that the managers need to take up is that of the power. This is because exercising the power over the employees can help the managers enforce the changes and save the organisations. The managers can overlook ethical manner of enforcing the changes. The position of the resistant, on the other hand, needs to be more analytical than revolt. This is because the individuals involved in the resistance need to understand the reason behind the implementation of the changes. This can help the resistant members to form a plan to prevent the implementation of the changes (Munduate Medina, 2017). The resistant also needs to be in a position from where they can negotiate. The negotiation needs to take place keeping in mind the requirements of the employees as well as the managers. Hence, it can be said that the position of the managers and the resistance are important in the change management process. The ethical framework can consist of the interest of both the parties and mutual consent can be formed in accordance with the interests. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that managers often demonise the resistance as it leads to huge loss. The planning of change requires planning which in turn requires excessive spending of finance. Hence, any resistance can result in the failure of the change and in turn create a huge financial loss for the company. Apart from this, employees involved in the resistance may leave the organisation due to the implementation of the changes. The ethical implication denotes that the changes need to be perceived before setting up any resistance movement. Other forms by which resistance can be identified involve low productivity and less compatibility among the employees. Bibliography Anderson, Brion. (2014). Perspectives on power in organizations. Organ. Behav, 67-97. Bolman, Deal. (2017). Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Cameron, Green. (2015). Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Craig, Nevin, Odum. (2014). Resistance to Change. The Wiley Blackwell. Davies. (2017). Social work in a corporate era: Practices of power and resistance. Routledge. Doppelt. (2017). Leading change toward sustainability: A change-management guide for business, government and civil society. Routledge. Fleming, Spicer. (2014). Power in management and organization science. Academy of Management Annals, 237-298. Hayes. (2014). The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hon, Bloom, Crant. (2014). Overcoming resistance to change and enhancing creative performance. Journal of Management, 919-941. Hornstein. (2015). The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity. International Journal of Project Management, 291-298. Jones, Ven, V. d. (2014). A longitudinal study of change resistance: Its antecedents and consequences over time. In Academy of Management Proceedings, 11879. Klonek, Lehmann-Willenbrock, Kauffeld. (2014). Dynamics of resistance to change: a sequential analysis of change agents in action. Journal of Change Management, 334-360. Kuipers, Higgs, Kickert, Tummers, Grandia, Voet, V. d. (2014). The management of change in public organizations: A literature review. Public Administration, 1-20. Munduate, Medina. (2017). How Does Power Affect Those Who Have It and Those Who Dont? Power Inside Organizations. An introduction to work and organizational psychology: An international perspective, 176. Noer. (2017). Humanistic Consulting: Its History, Philosophy and Power for Organizations. McFarland. Pugh. (2016). Change management in information services. Routledge.

Late Adulthood and Death Paper Essay Example

Late Adulthood and Death Paper Paper Late Adulthood and Death Paper PSY/280 July 19, 2011 Late Adulthood and Death Paper Analyzing late adulthood and the death of an individual as a culmination of the life span development process one must understand late adulthood consists of. This paper will give a brief overview of ageism and stereotypes associate with late adulthood. This will explain how health and wellness techniques in the late adulthood stages can mitigate the negative effects of aging. As people age the social views and experiences changes in relationships and interactions with individuals, as he or she nears end of life. When closely approaching the end of life, a person has cultural and personal attitudes about death and dignity in late adulthood. Ageism and Stereotypes When examining ageism and stereotypes associated with late adulthood defines as ones prejudice or discrimination that occurs on the basis of age. When thinking about ageism one must look at the disengagement theory (Cumming Henry, 1961) that proposes that adults voluntarily reduce the contact with society rather than experiencing exclusion later and the disappointment not chosen. Other ageism statements say that older people forced involuntarily to give up participation with society. The disengagement theory justifies withdrawal from social institutions. Stereotyping defines as one making comments to someone saying that a certain age does a task that way. Stereotypes toward old people are cruel and unethical because one-day he or she will be in the same situation. Some stereotypes include older people show depression and loneliness, all old people look the same, old adults look sick, frail, and dependent, last older adults act cognitively and psychologically impaired. We will write a custom essay sample on Late Adulthood and Death Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Late Adulthood and Death Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Late Adulthood and Death Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer People who make stereotypical comments do this to build one’s own self confidence. If one researched all the data about the stereotypical comments one would see the comments made are not as accurate as he or she believes. Everyone deserves to be respected, especially as one ages. Health and Wellness Aging is inevitable, a fact that cannot be ignored. The aging process in late adulthood is called senescence. People cannot stop the effects of aging but there are alternatives that can help ease the process. These measures are not always followed because people make poor life choices such as smoking. Aging adults will even spend millions of dollars trying to slow the process of aging. No matter how much money they spend aging will occur. Most aging adults do not receive the necessary preventive services to help promote health and wellness during this stage of life. These preventive services include vaccinations and screenings. These important services help detect many diseases, delay their onset, or identify them early in their most treatable stages to ensure healthier, longer, and more productive lives for older adults (Prevention, 2011). Better people take care of themselves the longer they will live. People who balance: the right diet, making better choices and not acting sedentary has a better chance in living longer lives. With the advances in medical care, better health practices, improved nutrition, and other factors help people live longer. As long as older adults are following the correct measures, they can help counter the effects of aging because this stage here most people retire, they need to stay active and keep eating healthy foods. By not living actively can lead to his or her body shutting down, and may also lead to an early death. Many programs are available that older adults can join to help keep them on track. Aging adults can also receive information from their doctors and pamphlets from clinics that will give them a guideline to follow to age gracefully. Importance of Relationships and Social Interactions Humans are social animals, dependent on one another for survival and drawn to one another for joy, (University of Phoenix, 2010). Studies show that married older people are healthier, wealthier, and happier than unmarried people and their spouse’s support can help extend their lives. The importance for older adults to have a partner helps because they can depend on each other for help, and they can also help each partner in an area that they are experiencing trouble with because of age. Older adults experience capabilities of being able to have an even give and take relationship and give mutual respect in the relationship. * Older adults who have no partner should have social interactions daily as it has proven emotionally healthier than to be alone. Also older married adults must adjust to their interactions with his or her spouse because they will be together much more when they retire. This constant interaction can lead to disputes but has shown that older adults in a close marital relationship have been proven less depressed and less eager about disabilities that may present themselves because of age. * The importance of companionship in older adults, the average married woman will experience four to ten years of widowhood. The average man will experience none. The first two years can be especially difficult for the widow, but studies show that women come to enjoy the newfound independence and few seek new companionship. For widowers it is not the same, widowers have fewer friends and receive less support from the family. Those widowers try to interact to find new companionship. * Cultural and Personal Attitudes The aging process and developmental stages come to the end once a human being is deceased. A normal life cycle will have its last developmental and cognitive stage in late adulthood. This is a period is defined by the individual’s death. The cognitive learning and development in late adulthood shares some traits with the early stages of life. In this final stage the individual is seeking relationships with his close family and will create dependency on the family members. These dependencies are in all areas of human life. The cognitive and physical abilities of a person experiencing late adulthood are decreasing. Cultural factors play important roles in the lives of the elders. Different cultures will dictate the way that the older person will be taken care of financially, emotionally, social, and in all the remaining areas. Different cultures will have different approaches to this final stage; usually the children will adopt a more active role in their parent’s life. In this transition process that occurs in the late adulthood is a dynamic shift in responsibilities and roles. The elders will not be responsible for their children’s; the children will be responsible for their parents. This has a clear decrease in the analytical abilities. The cultural influence in the upbringing will determine if the alders will be on assisted living facility or will be solely responsibility of by family members. During this stage cognitive development is influenced by the mortality and their legacy. This stage the individual will realize his mortality and most cases assume a role of an amicable person than an authoritarian figure. The spouse also plays an important role on the individual quality of life. All the persons surrounding an individual in late adulthood will focus in providing a good quality of life, a safe environment, and a honest relation. Like in the early stages of life the family component is one of the driving entities in this stage. Family and close friend will have a direct impact in the quality of the individual. Once the individual’s need get more complicated the family will decide to take the person to a nursing home because the medical need cannot be meet by the family. The late adulthood is a stage very complex and full of different experiences. This transition stage allows the relinquishing of responsibilities to family members and in many instances they will seek the oldest knowledge. This stage should be used to resolve and organize the individual’s state. Ensuring that everything is taking resolved will provide a sense of accomplishment and serenity. At that time the main focus should be ensuring the quality of life remaining. Different cultures have different approaches to the wellbeing of the older adults; all have the same goal, to obtain and maintain the highest quality of life for the older. This is also complemented by the medical advantages available. Hospice care and pain management are some important tools available for the families to ensure dignity in this stage of life; that many consider a beginning, not the end. * References Berger, K. S. (2010). Invitation to the Life Span, 1e. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Todd D. Nelson, (2004). Ageism: Stereotyping and Prejudice Against Older Persons. : Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Prevention, C. f. (2011, March 14). Clinical Preventive Services for Older Adults. Retrieved July 17, 2011, from CDC: http://www. cdc. gov/features/PreventiveServices/

John F. Kennedy Essays - Kennedy Family, Bouvier Family, Free Essays

John F. Kennedy Essays - Kennedy Family, Bouvier Family, Free Essays John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917 in Brookline, Massachusetts. He was the second child of nine children. He lived in the suburbs of Boston but as his family grew his father's income increased and they moved back to Brookline. John had a seemingly happy childhood. He attended private selementary schools where he played sports and games. Though never making the varsity, his father encouraged him to take part in athletics. He was taught by Roman Catholic lawmen at Canturbery School and later spent four years at the Choate School in Wallingford, Connecticut. Though suffering from many illnesses, his classmates voted him "most likely to succeed." He graduated in 1935, he ranked 64th in a class of 112. In the summer of 1935 he studied at the London School of Economics. He then went to Princeton University to study. During Christmas break his freshman year he had an attack of jaundice and was forced to leave. Through much determination he enrolled at Harvard in 1936, where his fate r went to college. He played football and graduated in 1940. Soon after he graduated he wrote his first book, "Why England Slept." It received good reviews. In March of 1941, Kennedy volunteered for the army, he was rejected shortly after for a back injury he obtained playing football at Harvard. He took classes to strengthen his back and was accepted into the navy. In 1943, Kennedy was on a navy boat when it was detroyed by the Japnese. He was thrown from the boat, and forced to swim the seas for a rescue ship. He received a Purple Heart for his brave actions. He also recieved a Navy and Marine Corps. medal. But after having more problems with his back and operation he was discharged in 1945. Kennedy had many jobs after he was discharged from the Army. He was unsure of the career he wanted to pursue. He worked as a reporter for Hearst Newspapers, which he covered a conference that established the United Nations. He then returned to Boston to pursue his new career as a polititian. In early 1946, Kennedy announced his cadidacy. Some of his rivals called him a "carpetbagger", a person who traveled south for reconstruction. These comments did not bother Mr. Kennedy, he campaigned ceaselesslyand nearly doubled the vote of this nearest opponent. Moving forward again, Kennedy announced his cadidacy for the Senator of Massachusetts, in 1952. On September 12, 1953, Kennedy married Jacqueline Bouvier. Not too far into the marriage Kennedy suffered from a major illness due to his bad back injury. He underwent two spinal operations. While he was out of the senate office he wrote a book, "Profiles of Courage", which won a Pulitzer Prize in Biography. It is yet indeed President John F Kennedy led an exciting life. He did everything from attending great colleges to earning purple hearts for courageous behavior. He married a beautiful woman with whom he shared lovely children. Although he did live a great life, in the peak of his presidency his life was put to an end. As the nation joined and mourned his death, people from all over the world gathered at the funeral in Washington D.C. to pay their respects. Mayor Willy Brandt of West Berlin expressed the world's sense of loss when he said that "a flame went out for those who had hoped for a just peaceful and better life." President Kennedy was buried in Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia. It is believed that President Kennedy was shot by Lee Harvey Oswald. It was never proven because Mr. Oswald was shot to death just days after the death of the president by Jack Ruby. In the commission's report (made public on September 24, 1964) Oswald was said to have fired the shots that killed John F. Kennedy. Furthermore, the committee stated that they "found no evidence" that either Ruby or Oswald "were part of any conspiracy, domestic or foreign, to assasinate President Kennedy". However, in 1979, the House assassinations committee concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald "probably" was part of a conspiracy that also may have included members of organized crime.

Combative scholarship in Southeast Asia Term Paper

Combative scholarship in Southeast Asia - Term Paper Example What is simply dismissed by analysts of the situation in Southeast Asia as being a result of cultural legacies is simply making light of a complex situation. The culture itself has been a propellant of the struggle and therefore part of the unexplained in the overall scheme of things (Faist 215-217). The focus on the cultural aspect of the struggle only served to shift the attention of scholars from influencing the struggle for citizenship and nation building occasioned by hegemony, colonialism, subsequent revolution and development in a bid to leveling patches history. All the efforts that aided in the ending of colonialism and nation building were initiatives of heroes of the past century who envisioned a better life for themselves and future generations. Thus the scholars like Atalas, Agoncilo, Chamvit and Sartono only served to document the heroic actions of theses heroes in a bid to continuing in the path of democracy that they charted. In the course of these actions they have s uffered damage to their reputations and their credibility was also battered all due to the struggle. Citizens who now enjoy citizenship benefits to the fullest owe it to these scholarly heroes since some even lost their lives in the struggle. It is not fair to ask that history focuses on scholars who did not have their credibility battered at the expense of those who did. In all fairness, the struggle should be documented as it was since all those who played part despite the consequences deserve mention. Part 2: Is the application of combative scholarship still viable? There is a large possibility that the nations of Southeast Asia would coalesce to form one state but this would never occur due to cultural commonalities but rather because all of them have had a similar struggle in their own territories for citizenship and nation building. The struggles over the last century have given them certain

A Formalist Criticism of A Tell-Tale Heart Annotated Bibliography

A Formalist Criticism of A Tell-Tale Heart - Annotated Bibliography Example The old man, eye, and the narrator, I, may be the same person; and the story represents the inner turmoil ending with severing head from heart. (Pitcher 232) Pritchard, from a somewhat feminist point of view, interprets the monologue as sexual in nature just before the murder. She points to the narrator’s love/hate relationship with the victim characterizing the behavior as sadist. Pritchard relates the narrator’s mental state to that of Poe’s dark imagination. This connection is controversial in these articles, and this author’s view is a valuable counter to others. The source is valuable, and the journal is peer reviewed and reliable. A caretaker finds he is cursed by an evil eye belonging to a beloved old man. The eye â€Å"vexes† him. (Poe 193) The caretaker/narrator kills the old man in order to â€Å"silence† the eye. The caretaker keeps hearing the beating of the heart, driving him to confession. The reader is left to decipher whether the narrators hearing acuity is a delusion or is the sound a hallucination. (Reilly 1969) During the murder, they each screamed once. The narrator hears the heartbeat muffled by the bed, but rationalizes the neighbors can’t hear it. The neighbors could hear screams, but not heartbeats. Knowing this, the reader cannot disengage from the monologue. The reader is trapped like the narrator. Poe uses these devices brilliantly to place the audience in the insane mind of a killer. An overview of Poe’s fascination with the â€Å"evil eye† across his stories and specifically in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†. Other Southern writers and literature is examined regarding the eye. The narrator, of whom the reader knows nothing (sex, age, relationship to the old man) admits to loving the old man, but hating his eye. Narration is broken down as forensic oratory, a defense rather than a confession. The narrator

Analysis of Punting a football(Biomechanics) Research Paper

Analysis of Punting a football(Biomechanics) - Research Paper Example Proper punting technique is achieved when a punter is able to kick the ball for as long and as high as he can (Guy & Sang, 2009). There are a number of biomechanical techniques for achieving proper form, which make reference to the way the ball is dropped into the kick, how the punter follows through with his leg motion, and how the punter steps into his kick. These principles are best described and illustrated by means of example, which will follow shortly. The necessity of proper punting technique may be broken into two categories: (a) the safety and health of the punter and (b) the strategic advantage of well-placed punts during a game. With respect to safety and health, bad form in any sport will lead to injury of the muscles, bones, and joints involved with the physical activity. Quadriceps strains, in particular, are associated with injuries in punters who kick without proper technique (Beatty, McIntosh, Savage, Orchard, & Landeo, 2007). Because of this risk, safety and health are primary concerns for coaches who try to train their players on the methodology of kicking. Secondly, with respect to strategic advantage, punting technique is situational to the conditions of the game (Guy & Sang, 2009). That is, technique should be adjusted depending on circumstances such as field position, probability of a strong return, probability of a win, and so on. With these realities in mind, there is no perfect (or ideal) form; however, biomech anical principles apply to generally proper form. In addition to proper technique being situational in terms of circumstances within the game, proper technique for punters is also situational based on the comfort and ability levels of the punter himself. An athlete should not strain himself to achieve form and technique of those with considerably more strength and flexibility. This is particularly important, especially even before the ball is