History of Coffee Essay Example for Free

History of chocolate EssayThe global spread of cocoa vexing and drinking began in the Horn of Africa, where, according to legend, cocoa trees originated in the Ethiopian province of Kaffa. It is enter that the fruit of the whole kit, known as coffee cherries, was eaten by slaves taken from present day Sudan into Yemen and Arabia through the great sort of its day, Mocha. Coffee was certainly being cultivated in Yemen by the 15th century and probably much earlier.In an attempt to prevent its cultivation elsewhere, the Arabs compel a ban on the export of fertile coffee beans, a restriction that was eventually circumvented in 1616 by the Dutch, who brought live coffee plants back to the Netherlands to be grown in greenhouses. Initially, the authorities in Yemen actively encouraged coffee drinking. The first coffeehouses or kaveh kanes exposed in Mecca and quickly spread throughout the Arab world, well-to-do as places where chess was played, gossip was exchanged and singin g, dancing and music were enjoyed.Nothing quite like this had existed before a place where social and business carriage could be conducted in comfortable surroundings and where for the price of a cup of coffee anyone could venture. Perhaps predictably, the Arabian coffeehouse soon became a centre of semipolitical activity and was suppressed. Over the next few decades coffee and coffeehouses were banned numerous times but kept reappearing until eventually an acceptable way out was assemble when a tax was introduced on both. By the late 1600s the Dutch were growing coffee at Malabar in India and in 1699 took rough plants to Batavia in Java, in what is now Indonesia.Within a few years the Dutch colonies had receive the of import suppliers of coffee to Europe, where coffee had first been brought by Venetian traders in 1615. This was a period when the two other globally significant hot beverages also appeared in Europe. Hot chocolate was the first, brought by the Spanish from the Americas to Spain in 1528 and tea, which was first change in Europe in 1610. At first coffee was mainly sold by lemonade vendors and was believed to have medicinal qualities. The first European coffeehouse opened in Venice in 1683, with the most famous, Caffe Florian in Piazza San Marco, opening in 1720.It is still open for business today. The largest insurance market in the world, Lloyds of London, began life as a coffeehouse. It was started in 1688 by Edward Lloyd, who prepared lists of the ships that his customers had insured. The first literary reference to coffee being drunk in North America is from 1668 and, soon after, coffee houses were established in parvenu York, Philadelphia, Boston and other towns. The Boston Tea Party Of 1773 was planned in a coffee house, the Green Dragon. Both the tonic York Stock Exchange and the Bank of New York started in coffeehouses in what is today known as Wall Street.In 1720 a French naval officeholder named Gabriel Mathieu de Clieu, whil e on leave in Paris from his post in Martinique, acquired a coffee tree with the intention of taking it with him on the return voyage. With the plant secured in a glass case on deck to clasp it warm and prevent damage from salt water, the journey proved eventful. As recorded in de Clieus own journal, the ship was threatened by Tunisian pirates. There was a violent storm, during which the plant had to be tied down. A jealous bronco buster officer tried to sabotage the plant, resulting in a branch being torn off.When the ship was becalmed and drinking water rationed, De Clieu ensured the plants survival of the fittest by giving it most of his precious water. Finally, the ship arrived in Martinique and the coffee tree was re-planted at Preebear. It grew, and multiplied, and by 1726 the first harvest was ready. It is recorded that, by 1777, thither were between 18 and 19 million coffee trees on Martinique, and the model for a in the raw cash crop that could be grown in the New World was in place. But it was the Dutch who first started the spread of the coffee plant in Central and South America, where today it reigns supreme as the main continental cash crop.Coffee first arrived in the Dutch colony of Surinam in 1718, to be followed by plantations in French Guyana and the first of umteen in Brazil in the state of Para. In 1730 the British introduced coffee to Jamaica, where today the most famous and expensive coffee in the world is grown in the Blue Mountains. The 17th and 18th centuries saw the establishment across Brazil of vast sugar plantations or fazendas, owned by the countrys elite. As sugar prices weakened in the 1820s, capital and labour migrated to the southeast in response to the expansion of coffee growing in the Paraiba Valley, where it had been introduced in 1774.By the rootage of the 1830s Brazil was the worlds largest producer with some 600,000 bags a year, followed by Cuba, Java and Haiti, each with annual production of 350 to 450,000 bags. W orld production amounted to some 2. 5 million bags per year. The rapid expansion of production in Brazil and Java, among others, caused a significant decline in world prices. These bottomed out in the late 1840s, from which point a strong upward movement occurred, reaching its peak in the 1890s. During this latter period, due mainly to a lack of interior transport and manpower, Brazilian expansion slowed considerably.Meanwhile, the upward movement of prices encouraged the growth of coffee cultivation in other producing regions in the Americas such as Guatemala, Mexico, El Salvador and Colombia. In Colombia, where coffee had been introduced by the Jesuits as early as 1723, civil strife and the inaccessibility of the best coffee-growing regions had hampered the growth of a coffee industry. Following the potassium Days War of 1899 to 1903, the new peace saw Colombians turn to coffee as their salvation.While larger plantations, or haciendas, dominated the upper Magdalena river regions of Cundinamarca and Tolima, determined peasants staked new claims in the mountainous regions to the west, in Antioquia and Caldas. New railways, relying on coffee for profit, allowed more coffee to be grown and transported. The opening of the Panama Canal in 1914 permitted exports from Colombias previously unreachable Pacific coast, with the port of Buenaventura assuming change magnitude importance. In 1905 Colombia exported five hundred thousand bags of coffee by 1915 exports had doubled.While Brazil urgently tried to control its overproduction, Colombian coffee became increasingly popular with American and European consumers. In 1914 Brazil supplied three-quarters of U. S. imports with 5. 6 million bags, but by 1919 that encrypt had fallen to 4. 3 million, while Colombias share had risen from 687,000 to 915,000 bags. During the same period Central American exports to the U. S. had risen from 302,000 to 1. 2 million bags. In spite of political turmoil, social upheaval and econo mic vicissitude, the 20th century saw an essentially continuous rise in demand for coffee.U. S. consumption continued to grow reaching a peak in 1946, when annual per capita consumption was 19. 8 pounds, twice the figure in 1900. Especially during periods of high global prices, this steadily increasing demand lead to an expansion in production throughout the coffee-growing regions of the world. With the process of decolonisation that began in the years following the Second World War, many impudently independent nations in Africa, notably Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda and Burundi, found themselves in varying degrees dependent on coffee export revenue.For US coffee drinkers, the countrys rigidtest city, Seattle, has become synonymous with a new type of cafe culture, which, from its birth in the 1970s, swept the continent, dramatically improving the widely distributed quality of the beverage. This new found evangelism for coffee has spread to the rest of the world, even to countries with gr eat coffee traditions of their own, such as Italy, Germany, and Scandinavia, adding new converts to the pleasures of good coffee. Today it is possible to find good coffee in every major city of the world, from London to Sydney to Tokyo we are drinking more and, more importantly, better coffee.The importance of coffee to the world economy cannot be overstated. It is one of the most valuable primary products in world trade, in many years second in value only to oil as a source of foreign exchange to producing countries. Its cultivation, processing, trading, transportation and marketing provide employment for hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Coffee is crucial to the economies and politics of many developing countries for many of the worlds Least Developed Countries, exports of coffee account for more than 50 percent of their foreign exchange earnings.Coffee is a traded trade good on major futures and commodity exchanges, most importantly in London and New York. ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION I. FACILITIES According to the experts and professionals, the facilities must be divided into series of modules which can be feature as required to suit a particular location. The following modules are included A. Administrative Service Lobby 15 m? Information and reaction area 10 m? Toilet 1. 67 m? B. Employee Facilities Cafeteria and Kitchen 30 m? Recreation stadium (Indoor and Outdoor) 50 m? Factory Mens and Womens Lockers and Toilets 35 m? Office Mens and womens Lockers and Toilets 35 m? Meeting area 45 m? Nurses station and First Aid 25 m? C. Warehouse 200 m? D. Wet Processing theater (Produces Washed Coffee) Cherry reception/ compartmentalisation Area 15 m? /machine Floatation Area 30 m? Pregrader/Pulper Area 15 m? /machine Pregrading Area 25 m? Fermentation Area 35 m? Washing Area 25 m? Grading Area 15 m? /machine Skin Drying Area 15 m? /machine Sun and or Mechanical drying area 20 m? /machine Storage 35 m? Toilet( Men and Women) 6 m? E. Dry Pro cessing Area( Produces Original Coffee).Cherry reception/Sorting area 15 m? /machine Floatation area 25 m? Skin drying and raking area 20 m?/machine Storage/conditioning area 35 m? Toilet(Men and Women) 6 m? F. Coffee Milling Area 25 m? /machine G. Packaging Area 20 m? /machine H. Cocoa Processing (to produce cocoa butter, cocoa powder) Cocoa attic Reception Area 30 m? Cleansing and Shelling Area 45 m? Winnowing And Roasting Area 30 m? abrasion and Refining Area 15 m? /machine Alcalizing Area 20 m? Pressing Area 20 m? /machine Milling Area25 m? /machine Bagging Area 25 m? /machine Storage 35 m? I. Delivery Loading/Unloading Area 80 m? J. Parking Area 100 m? K. Villas for tourist 3600 m? Villa lot size 120 m? L. Villas for Workers 3000 m? Villa lot size 90 m? M. Museum 150 m? N. Coffee Spa 200 m? O. Restaurant 200 m? P. Horse Back riding 500 m? Q. Sports and unpaid Facilities 1500 m? Machinery and Equipments (Wet Process and Dry Process) Vertical Dick Type Coffee Pul per VCP 700 Vertical Disk Type Coffee Pulper VCP 5000 Vertical Dick Type Coffee Pulper VCP 200 Bucket Elevators 1 Bucket Elevators 2 Coffee Hullers Coffee Graders Gravity Separators Catador 50 kg/ minute Coffee Roaster 150 kg/hour Coffee Roaster 70 kg/hour Coffee Roaster Coffee Grinder Coffee Mixer Machine Harverster Korvan Harvester Brastoft Harvester.Details and Images of Machineries and Equipments wedded in vermiform appendix I BREWING TIPS FOR THAT PERFECT CUP Buy freshly roasted coffee in whole beans. Coffee is best consumed within 60 old age from when it was roasted. Store in an air tight container away from light. Grind your coffee as you need it. Make sure that you use the right grind for your brew system. Use cold filtered water that is pleasant tasting. Use one standard coffee measure or two tablespoons per 6 oz cup of coffee To keep your brewed coffee longer transfers it to a thermos. Space Programming (Coffee Processing) Space Programming (Emplo yee Facilities).Site Selection I. Criteria for Site Selection Location It should be located in an agricultural geographical partition with soil that are deep, well-drained and rich in primitive matter Size 30 to 50 hectares Accessibility Easy access to thermionic valve Manila, to major to minor road Transportation Must be reachable through commuters and private vehicles Climate/Environment Climate which has sharply defined pissed and dry season, the mean temperature is 20o to 38o Celsius Topography comparatively flat Utilities Accessible to water main, proper sewage system, electrical service and communication networks .Site Selection Criteria Site A Site B Site C (Sumulong,Batangas) (Lipa City, Batangas) (Lipa City, Batangas) Location It should be located in It is located in an agricultural It is located in agricultural zoneIt is located in agricultural an agricultural zone with soil thatzone of brgy. Simulong Batangas of Brgy. Pinagkawitan, City of zone of Brg y. Pussil. City of are deep, well-drained and rich in City Lipa Lipa organic matter Size 30 to 50 hectares.20 hectares 55 hectares 24 hectares Utilities Accessible to water National power Corporation, National Power Corporation, National Power Corporation, main, proper sewage system, Batangas Water District Batangas Water District, PLDT, Batangas Water District, PLDT, electrical service and Digitel telecommunicationmunication Phils. Digitel Telecommunication communication networks And Globe Telecom Phils.And Globe Telecom Accessibility Easy access to Easy access to tube Manila, to Easy access to Metro Manila Easy access to Metro Manila Metro Manila, to major and minor major and minor road To major to minor road to major to minor road road Transportation Must be reachablePublic utility vehicles Public utility vehicles Public utility vehicles through commuters and private Private vehicles Private vehicles Private vehicles vehicles Topography Relatively flat Relatively flat Relatively flat Relatively flat .Climate Climate which has sharplyTemperature of 26 / 38c, wet Temperature of 25 / 36C wet Temperature of 25 / 38C wet defined wet and dry season, the and dry season and dry season and dry season mean temperature is 20o to 38o Celsius base from the pose selection, Site B is the best site among the other site choices. Site B is strategically located in well agricultural zone and meets the entire requirement needed in the proposal in term of conditions of land and distance from the Brgys.Apparently Site B heading the most completed site for the proposal since, it is near from the commercial areas and its in agricultural zone III. Profile of Site A. Locations Situated in near Brgy. Pinagkawitan, Lipa City, Batangas, Boundaries South Luzon Expressway, Padre Torres peasant Road B. Size As recommended the size of the site 30 to 50 Hectares is near and most rated in the site category and most preferred site standard t o the proposal. C. Accessibility the site accessibility is no problem at all since the site is adjacent to the expressway and major road in Batangas D.Utilities Telephone, Fax, Radio, electrical energy from National Power Corporation, water supply from Batangas Water District E. Transportation Public Utility vehicles and rivate vehicles F. Topography flat terrain Map and details of the site are attached in Appendix II DESIGN CONCEPT Modern architecture is a term given to a number of building styles with similar characteristics, principally the simplification of form and the elimination of ornament. The style was conceived early in the 20th century.Modern Architecture was adopted by many influential architects and architectural educators, all the same very few Modern buildings were built in the first half of the century. It gained popularity after the Second World War and became the dominant architectural style for institutional and corporate buildings for three decades. CHARAC TERISTICS Modern architecture is usually characterized by a rejection of historical styles as a source of architectural form (historicism) an adoption of the article of belief that the materials and functional requirements determine the result. an adoption of the machine aesthetic a rejection of ornament a simplification of form and elimination of unnecessary detail an adoption of evince structure Form follows function DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ZONING Zoning determines the size and use of buildings, where they are located and, in large measure, the densities of the citys various neighborhoods. Along with the citys power to budget, tax, and condemn property, zoning is a key tool for carrying out planning policy.ACCESSIBILITY Accessibility is a general term used to describe the degree to which a product (e. g. , device, service, and environment) is accessible by as many people as possible. DISABILITIES The disability rights movement advocates have-to doe with access to social, po litical, and economic life which includes not only physical access but access to the same tools, services, organizations and facilities which we all pay for. STABILITY Stability of the indicate building must be consider.The builfing must withstand any circumstances that might affect and might destroy it, like an earthquake.References Burea of Agricultural Statistics Department of agriculture Nescafe Philippines Inc Nestle Philippines Inc P. D. 856 regulation on Sanitation of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations P. D. 1096 National Building Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing P. D. 1185 Fire Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations R. A. 184 Philippine Electrical Code R. A.1378 National Plumbing Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing http//www. tupeloplantation. com/documents/tupelo-plantation-pud. pdf www. internationalorganizationofcoffee. inc http//www. charityfarm. co. uk/charityfarm. htm http//www. vetiver. o rg/ETH_WORKSHOP_09/ETH_A6a. pdf http//www. losaricoffeeplantation. com/ http//xandercap. com/Documents/New%20Exec%20Summary%20-%20V2. pdf www. internationalorganizationofcoffee. inc Time-Saver Standards for Building Types. McGraw-Hill Book Company. 1980 THE SITE.